tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662562428829981022024-03-19T09:48:00.365+01:00ALQUIVIRA: HISTORIA + GEOGRAFÍA & ARTE Recursos para las asignaturas de Ciencias SocialesJosé Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.comBlogger231125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-80672556574907426562023-04-29T11:22:00.008+02:002023-12-05T10:40:01.340+01:00Visitas virtuales a yacimientos prehistóricos <p>Gracias a Internet podemos visitar yacimientos de la Prehistoria sin salir de clase y ahorrándonos el viaje en autobús. Pero no solo eso: es que que podemos visitarlos tal y como fueron en el pasado.</p><p>Empezamos por lo más antiguo: el Paleolítico Inferior, en el yacimiento de <b>Fuente Nueva 3, en Orce</b>, donde podremos ver incluso mamuts:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.yacimientofuentenueva3orce.com/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="3451" data-original-width="6004" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr7lqQL59TrAqcy0gEOJFToGf4YMUYEDCJgB6sRbreLwu8rr2v0nw7N174oUOc8eQoSO3DHuGKCcoYYf9XvPUfjKN2DuZ3Osdj2oHywbckox59JmvnLh_Ck_oRse65cR1o53s8f8v5bRALTEF6Iz1GAPGKsS9DAWbDCPe6GuK3gnJw_CB734qEzfpl/w640-h368/2BCFAFD6-B303-4B5B-B9EF-F85F3D8FC16D.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: justify;">Avanzamos en el tiempo para maravillarnos con las pinturas de la <b>Cueva de Altamira</b>, del Paleolítico Superior (Cantabria):</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://youtu.be/OaG7dM-9tSA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="507" data-original-width="915" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrm310vlT1pS-dEFkHNGdKhGTSdEX2hF8HdPvu-KRjKrudHuXbWIndhDdNBs3W5EjblMqeZENvN90eO-xQo6leaL-MwKwwSniNg_ytbCa8Eo7rOYsc2jBzHuBtoAdJL51t_D6u7HEoEie_xLv3teqc-Eyym1fLLTXfKcmN2uWkupsDaacgkYha_M3r/w640-h354/6AD0E070-4874-445B-B13A-9D59244BC032.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>Alguna vez hemos hablado de los monumentos megalíticos: dólmenes y menhires. ¿Y si los visitamos virtualmente en la <b>necrópolis neolítica de Sierra Martilla</b> (Granada)?:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://tourvirtual360.es/tour-virtual-interactivo/complejo-megalitico-dolmenes-sierra-martilla-loja/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD9TyrklZdSGK8Iok1dG9uDBmx5JiJ-5F21GyOdiDuYyIpCP8b9HGP3PU69CeAgvOQ5SeZHBdFvzav6XPAYweQ_KfhI1CtG3JdOzQVMKbNzTdXeo3M4yRWYX5OBN1O34r6Jr6c3VC6u2FeN_MsRdxi5271S40-ppPheOMwg65lxtojs8N6h4yr8SO1/w640-h426/492F6D8E-A9E1-4F21-AEF2-D380511067D4.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>Evolucionamos a la Edad de los Metales, visitando el importantísimo yacimiento del Calcolítico de <b>los Millares</b>, en Almería:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://youtu.be/UZSoFF_X-ew" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1181" data-original-width="1776" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjwUILMnOJqbcw1B3dfNHsVPEM7UjXSOPH5zNqwYjYA8tX04t3nj40lbvPf-D62z2SUlKnLI3zibJ8mWjoGQOFJUswwQU-KMgS8e703QDzGY1M9VzRIwRrwaTxTXgaigu4IZcNNMH34O6zr-0R_H7E8hORpIhLMU7Q4yx3-lVfAG7coWXB3CMysvrk/w640-h426/F6B15CE3-FDF9-4385-B450-F5E9021C8538.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p>Para vivir la cultura del Argar contamos con el yacimiento de <b>Castellón Alto</b>, en Galera. Pero también podemos visitar el Cerro de la Encina (Granada):</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://tourvirtual360.es/tour-virtual-interactivo/yacimiento-cerro-de-la-encina/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1440" data-original-width="1920" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHVzWfLAlIGBgDZyuuRmOrnvLZv5bcRchPEfQbrOwOblZS9zjFkhmMpWqOXFgaDuqMQFJko9Xs2Srrz4ODfp-lTjb0O47C9nNNi7rpgoyVFpNVwW8iFt4TVrPMzB6YOU563WyE6fbw3_Fu7d-gTpq8Nsju48Ys-vm16YW8N6AgSeqUD01ChBRyNx3w/w640-h480/AFB868F1-D5AC-433E-B305-71FBC2B4A48B.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>Por último un vídeo sobre la <b>ciudadela ibérica de Calafell</b>, en Tarragona:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://youtu.be/uDAQvuSHLV0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="580" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjcLBeCDBa6oKmx3QSgDREPXHyG7TepWY1X1RsdrOSRENd0pKXefsYrLT2_lcJczrfUqc4A8Keory-elWsjfXirz7g9RteTdKzqVgESyIKL5r82xGtBZ_3_x7oJQxys-2kFIGEVCqNwfJrpBJwSHTlPaHf3MGcmACs9MJ9yGwJxsdDospgwnDV4f9d/w640-h408/DA1A5DFF-2EC6-4372-886A-CEF0B5AB1580.webp" width="640" /></a></div><p>¡Espero que os haya gustado!</p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-49502954243310660862023-03-29T10:06:00.005+02:002023-06-09T08:48:31.795+02:00¡Por fin un acuerdo para proteger los océanos!<p>Trabajamos con noticias de actualidad en el aula, en este caso sobre el Tratado Global de los Océanos de la ONU firmado el 5 de marzo:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nZ0raTL1GdDL38PYxfaU_jXYqlmdUhwv/view?usp=drivesdk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1056" data-original-width="2302" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg96BcLBYnqcy_V-8YYLnI8w7Pj_bKLjQklUEHIdgB3uw5B_bYymIeJqM7BKazmX_7K5vxKCPzesSuaMXkfnVUr4iJHpOK9JKdzoCQL3HtEA5gy6Q5iwfUNMGR24hwtgKi1mfaq7oVw1P0oAkZOR6PE4tmAaBF6C6ouHfQX29iYEaAjx-09Q-nTuBvO/w640-h294/AECE378D-4204-4B41-BB94-77151FFD9B7B.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-23176304601615118512023-03-29T09:58:00.005+02:002023-06-09T08:47:57.131+02:00Los interrogantes sobre la Inteligencia Artificial<p> Trabajamos temas de actualidad en el aula con las siguientes noticias y actividades sobre CHATGPT:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/11sXPrcncq3vrLTCglP5DV_eAOm7J1hob/view?usp=drivesdk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1225" data-original-width="2283" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIcEu-kBPsGfTP-L6nb1RNV92wcf0HnCNj2IpHFwSjbBGj3Gpl0zIyTEA3CjdgqsMNeI6cqIoiHZuaqpQhjSs__xMeSaJojVfkZvXziVs0xJpG6jBC-5OD8GsBrF4Kzl40TXoEd4lziLLrLwDXTFHpnnENeLj2FRmZ_t8DP7efzce8sNNNLAkjTObC/w640-h344/3D228357-1EEC-4010-8293-BFCD7FF61822.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-78950256528080472492023-03-29T09:52:00.009+02:002023-06-09T08:47:17.005+02:00Luchemos contra el bullying<p> Actividades propuestas para tratar el bullying a partir de la noticia sobre un caso reciente:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zspu0prlcUvhXbT-8UP1oevI8l0CZW3K/view?usp=drivesdk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1129" data-original-width="2306" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkM6tC2aj-yfLmiyRFnei-Z5BH5jqO1_4aoNLnrpwk_ZOXm1il7GUpz2RE2WpddjNPc0EaCvHKH_WGLbUFqhrCvzdo2y1UYxWJl2kkAHMSsgTi64Zl71LG83G9To3BJyVXFqp7weXJ37b9Hg2DgelivkZScAcDkN100mIPKlmIsyCB-2bKM5_ja2st/w640-h314/B7524B44-E366-4BE6-BF58-E895C08F0BE2.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-12935874313936473472023-02-21T19:44:00.005+01:002023-06-09T08:46:17.183+02:00Terremotos: temblor mortal en Turquía y Siria<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1j-DFl2Q8PrWdELhFrndzQEtkWfIjHP9K/view?usp=drivesdk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1518" data-original-width="2367" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXd--LEcMU9wClIJOK50nUHNbIp9M05aAlolDgak3UKvOCrMS9Fo3rrsPz7ujGyIeSrhejzUyQC5g96fT7xmm4d8XM1Azzc26y8NT4cF0mJDhukKCXVDpmQ-UfB8RjtG2pTIZgB7bv8XXPmQxE2k8mS6j8tXa6A8M2xEWco2NMNNbP5aCv90mTCKDG/w640-h410/2B452633-EEDD-4AE9-8F89-C8DFDD4AB574.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Vicens Vives live</b> nos propone trabajar temas de cultura, política, tecnología, medioambiente, igualdad de género, agenda 2030... a partir de una noticias de actualidad o una situación del mundo real. En este caso el terremoto de Turquía y Siria nos puede servir para aprender sobre la geología y el relieve del planeta tierra, pero también puede servir para trabajar los textos periodísticos y expositivos en la materia de lengua. pincha sobre la imagen para acceder al recurso.</div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-59447025497947474762023-02-08T14:53:00.004+01:002023-06-09T08:43:59.139+02:00Herramientas y recursos para trabajar el cambio climático en el aula (en español e inglés)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dX5-TbGndzo" width="320" youtube-src-id="dX5-TbGndzo"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: #181818; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Aquí tenéis una serie de recursos, unos visuales y otros con actividades, con los que comprender mejor, trabajar el cambio climático y concienciar sobre él. Cómo dice el dinosaurio de la ONU: ¡No elijas la extinción!</p><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: #181818; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">2022: EL AÑO MÁS CALUROSO DE LA HISTORIA (VICENS VIVES):</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pXx0rq20PGsCe1fuqdf6q28NbfSR3qdZ/view?usp=drivesdk" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1261" data-original-width="2306" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHe-AldT3jLiviCN3QEjewHdfWatu_mYnuoq5lfgU8NsZ6HPg7_wv6vF46gFYw8BjMQy8tm52wnH4xWCGMPunndeA4SVO52y-mV4ce5w4SqA50JFS4HWUyUya-jbxcoIs_yUSS5HcpKyiHpJ-RMsQuajAd8frotpGmovJKoMOkgSrIbXk5abasR-NA/w640-h350/79FC1017-2EEF-4AD6-8F72-3C03FA795967.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: #181818; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394;">NASA’S CLIMATE TIME MACHINE (MAQUINA DEL TIEMPO DEL CLIMA DE LA NASA):</span></p><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0b5394;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/interactives/climate-time-machine/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1449" data-original-width="2388" height="389" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilSyX2DfEaJBIUwc1m9RAhhm2el1_THzDWAcHAnsbtxoeDzm8jmZT-38v9y1IyCCr_6F_R2sxGnvaEmMhCh7hHxH2CTCU6EENmb0ktKkqdA_nED5Pe_V5C9LzEDPRx7q-7ZCjNzVk7shXS_IaWjOsejFAYnCCHGrYBHe5WiQAe_X4s4bg1WB2O-38k/w640-h389/35CC82C9-DBC2-4884-8C89-ECF0A75DD174.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span face="Effra, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; caret-color: rgb(7, 79, 146); color: #074f92; font-size: 16px; text-transform: uppercase;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span face="Effra, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; caret-color: rgb(7, 79, 146); color: #074f92; font-size: 16px; text-transform: uppercase;">COASTAL RISK SCREENING TOOL (SIMULADOR DE NIVEL DE LA COSTA):</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span face="Effra, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; caret-color: rgb(7, 79, 146); color: #074f92; font-size: 16px; text-transform: uppercase;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://coastal.climatecentral.org/map/10/-0.4915/39.4355/?theme=sea_level_rise&map_type=year&basemap=roadmap&contiguous=true&elevation_model=best_available&forecast_year=2070&pathway=rcp45&percentile=p50&return_level=return_level_1&rl_model=gtsr&slr_model=kopp_2014" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1328" data-original-width="2388" height="357" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSSUsGQBKwsQ9NWrkbW1JpFnfena3tW41w6TT-tv_2XKxopjLpoeIqLZf16N-1m4m9uSZ46uah3xTglcQdZacx-0QIYkrHgVUCjGIAovCJf3wmKTOoJpG3NvqCcgXBfCU4f-J0QnxvHGRko0clXyXEra9Qq-g6ampwn4PlOHSvG3tmZqYIIjDAf-Wg/w640-h357/B8FA0EAB-5665-444E-8E25-2040B478F952.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">DATOS Y GRÁFICOS</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(11, 83, 148);">:</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(11, 83, 148);"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.epdata.es/datos/cambio-climatico-datos-graficos/447" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1541" data-original-width="2361" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYy2LNQO5DVX-MWHmvGzOutdiv1sCXqIvxzjQQWgYsCMbn0iZpl5aebouVHxZSLdTbK_vI33k2Rz1S96zISSoMG17YQvIR3jYccrR3eWalw_7ShRiBxEb8jxwM6oT_am3iJWLX-RVoFilXoF-z3eEpHiVxktWIV8lEgMtKWhlcuY8LmvF2M-6pmLyj/w640-h418/BC5AEF05-D121-42CE-B6C8-23ADD3796D0B.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">PÁGINA DE FERNANDO VALLADARES (INVESTIGADOR DEL CSIC):</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Charlas, vídeos y explicaciones elaboradas por este doctor en Ciencias Biológicas e investigador del CSIC, para contribuir a un mundo mejor.<br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #0b5394; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.valladares.info/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1104" data-original-width="2388" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA3spSzuSx2yTXq0hwZ2b6ONsoEgZ8m0v1E0SMinWh_1rE3ADXGBwMo4lNbj3d6F1RwupZYtkWq1a6nmfRhUEY5FBeC7qGhJtr6O05WSKsImiJ4uZiVaJgkJQlKUowCRaFYjtSUbpdPtMdm759beDgPSjc13QfsoTopXdchHc9awm4eE5CnVjiQfhM/w640-h296/036FE958-6E6B-4157-A4D4-3F72D6437BA3.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #0b5394; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #0b5394; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">¿CUÁNTO SABES SOBRE EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO? (TEST DE NEWTRAL.ES):</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Aprende con este Test.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #0b5394; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.newtral.es/test-cuanto-sabes-de-la-emergencia-climatica/20191231/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="586" data-original-width="1415" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7AuWr116QRGleqgR0658AslAom2rIxZUdJzFM4kNiN7c-mZukinBLmLKfWmNypSBLOCM454fO09zb0a2sv8WNJi7CTIuwdUHNhli4FVtLVE24BIhwd-pi3iJY0JchxLBute76b9cjDqow3fBLagGx9qFMACoeuhyfzNvUmWLZHsqAD8rc1FOk4Qv9/w640-h266/65A1C9A7-6D17-4726-B881-073B85426B57.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">COMPRENDER EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO (GENERALITAT VALENCIANA):</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Sencillos experimentos para trabajar en el aula<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(11, 83, 148);">.</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #0b5394; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://agroambient.gva.es/documents/20550103/170625582/Experimentos+para+trabajar+en+el+aula+diversos+aspectos+del+cambio+clim%C3%A1tico.+Fichas+de+trabajo/ae0b14a9-a845-47a1-b989-86dad58f08e1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1451" data-original-width="1879" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp3j3raZC9EEaJDE4g5SMWu18Lc_rh6WGA4OdP3okvI0I37E7g9UFVFmybNO6nR9RMqRmNkv_jC0RatXwCuyHGA3fCs36k8sBn6909zZEBYmPlFQ48OTnXTaBRIGZFsUNxjMzg4fBVOlFYtYsHuEYpjI_v2BwVB6pHV5-BJoa9yvb8Vc13HQ901IH4/w640-h494/1F4B67A9-B82D-4D3E-9A2E-D9A579257760.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica;">MISIÓN 1.5 (JUEGO DEL PNUD):</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Toma las decisiones correctas para mantener la temperatura del planeta. Tus votaciones serán tenidas en cuenta para enviarlas a los gobiernos y que actúen.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://mission1point5.org/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1449" data-original-width="2342" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3o-JXUgITtmb0a3fYWPvABTqDjt_uLCKlxV5wpb8ZeengdJbOApiGwwZe8r550s1zWUDs10-WjRHe0UlLsAoTEfbTVn125NMZrLK1Hl0-woVmmR05Zg9VfJV2rUlSxsme-2vZNbkBR1kGqkeF4ySXy93m2XYvWQAPtl7UcyrJ9Q1msjcGV42fn1OV/w640-h396/29F3A1E2-FE84-4358-B4E1-B191427B6596.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: #181818; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; border: 0px; caret-color: rgb(24, 24, 24); color: #181818; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; line-height: 1.31; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-16802203787478952872023-01-22T11:58:00.010+01:002023-03-29T10:15:35.782+02:00Investigación: ¿Quién mató a Prim?<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizqnMCNnsRr4dEi1Lq4Q4Ye69C9uooVYo6sZteBQ69MmVkaQNF5ikqoyLXSlo_dwODc41RV2p5UVM_3w-et0VejfCTq6OntGMNQv1_3MbP0vQ0kkLtNjrGqqMdhDk43yAJk9Xwl6Ke1NN-npiPxI5Ggr_wIiAYholcW1cM6QjOfsYUJXU4rLuAyNcf/s2375/B7D28548-E283-42DA-B068-74FCB2AE3CDF.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1543" data-original-width="2375" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizqnMCNnsRr4dEi1Lq4Q4Ye69C9uooVYo6sZteBQ69MmVkaQNF5ikqoyLXSlo_dwODc41RV2p5UVM_3w-et0VejfCTq6OntGMNQv1_3MbP0vQ0kkLtNjrGqqMdhDk43yAJk9Xwl6Ke1NN-npiPxI5Ggr_wIiAYholcW1cM6QjOfsYUJXU4rLuAyNcf/w640-h416/B7D28548-E283-42DA-B068-74FCB2AE3CDF.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Asesinato de Prim. 1870. Biblioteca Nacional.</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;">En esta actividad vamos a <i>comentar e interpretar fuentes primarias y secundarias, relacionando su información con los conocimientos previos. </i></p><p style="text-align: justify;">La figura del militar y político Prim fue fundamental: desde el reinado de Isabel II, pasando por la <i>revolución gloriosa</i> de 1868, el gobierno provisional, y terminando con su misterioso asesinato, que determinará fuertemente el destino de la monarquía de Amadeo I de Saboya. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Nos centraremos en este último suceso, su asesinato, para convertirnos en investigadores históricos y criminales. Existen distintas interpretaciones desde un primer momento, así que disponemos de fuentes primarias (noticias de la época, por ejemplo), investigaciones posteriores, e incluso recreaciones cinematográficas con las que podemos intentar sacar una conclusión y dar nuestra versión final de los hechos intentando encontrar al asesino o instigador del crimen, siempre basándonos en datos y argumentando correctamente. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Nuestro <b>informe final</b> puede seguir los siguientes pasos:</p><p style="text-align: justify;">-<b>Biografía del personaje.</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>-Análisis de información de las distintas fuentes.</b></p><p><b>-Reconstrucción del asesinato y muerte de Prim a partir de esas fuentes</b></p><p><b>-Consecuencias del atentado en la política del momento</b></p><p><b>-Conclusiones finales: ¿Quién mató a Prim?</b></p><p><b>-Apartado con bibliografía y webgrafía empleada</b></p><p>Aquí os dejo algunas fuentes:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Noticia del atentado: <a href="http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0029017639">http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0029017639</a></li><li>Noticia de la muerte de Prim: <a href="http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0029017654">http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0029017654</a></li><li>“Reapertura” del caso en 2013: <a href="https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/general-prim-pudo-morir-estrangulado_7084">https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/general-prim-pudo-morir-estrangulado_7084</a></li><li>Última autopsia: <a href="https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2013/12/11/52a88ca863fd3d5e2b8b4574.html">https://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2013/12/11/52a88ca863fd3d5e2b8b4574.html</a></li><li>Últimos reportajes: <a href="https://www.elcorreo.com/xlsemanal/historia/asesinato-de-prim-conspiracion-magnicidio-atentado-isabel-ii.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.es%2F">https://www.elcorreo.com/xlsemanal/historia/asesinato-de-prim-conspiracion-magnicidio-atentado-isabel-ii.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.es%2F</a></li><li><a href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/historiayvida/historia-contemporanea/20190813/47311592253/el-asesinato-del-general-prim.html">https://www.lavanguardia.com/historiayvida/historia-contemporanea/20190813/47311592253/el-asesinato-del-general-prim.html</a></li><li><a href="https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.abc.es/historia/abci-ultima-investigacion-sobre-muerte-prim-apunta-general-serrano-y-exculpa-republicanos-202111120032_noticia_amp.html">https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.abc.es/historia/abci-ultima-investigacion-sobre-muerte-prim-apunta-general-serrano-y-exculpa-republicanos-202111120032_noticia_amp.html</a></li><li>Película “Asesinato en la calle del turco”: <a href="https://www.rtve.es/television/prim-asesinato-calle-turco/">https://www.rtve.es/television/prim-asesinato-calle-turco/</a></li></ul><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihxbyjWkaXMiEdczYdr-jRQwsiVQAuWjZx4JbfeOcnWAWiXtquB2jkBMd-V1rLF-cFblsdmMYhvSItDO5C0sDIJ8h-yWGjic2psNd9BqFaYX74P47SH8LTpfOBFHdHCZCrh8qCBksK4aOK5_W4CxXV_GyQkeo1Cxc7rUftBqzWk6S4HFjuPYHn-yRP/s2782/Prim_madrazo.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2782" data-original-width="2045" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihxbyjWkaXMiEdczYdr-jRQwsiVQAuWjZx4JbfeOcnWAWiXtquB2jkBMd-V1rLF-cFblsdmMYhvSItDO5C0sDIJ8h-yWGjic2psNd9BqFaYX74P47SH8LTpfOBFHdHCZCrh8qCBksK4aOK5_W4CxXV_GyQkeo1Cxc7rUftBqzWk6S4HFjuPYHn-yRP/w294-h400/Prim_madrazo.jpeg" width="294" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prim retratado por Luis Madrazo. Wikipedia.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-67077411110724727722022-04-05T21:07:00.016+02:002023-06-09T08:45:27.295+02:00Comprender el conflicto de Ucrania<p style="text-align: justify;">La masa de información que está generando este conflicto constituye una auténtica guerra mediática y propagandística entre los países implicados. Cada cual da su versión y niega o censura la del contrario, apelando a los sentimientos, por un lado, y al nacionalismo por el otro, más que a un análisis crítico de las causas de la guerra. Para el que recibe este bombardeo informativo a veces es difícil discernir los bulos de la realidad o conocer la versión del otro. La editorial <b>Vicens-Vives</b> nos aporta este dossier con información, vídeos, noticias y propuestas de actividades que puede sernos de bastante utilidad para conocer las causas, los protagonistas, los intereses de los distintos implicados y las consecuencias que está teniendo el conflicto en la economía y la política.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">El objetivo de este material es apreciar el valor de la Geografía y la Historia para comprender la actualidad y formar un espíritu crítico ante la avalancha de información y medios muchas veces no contrastados (redes sociales, canales propagandísticos, etc.). </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/17bJ0YRjoOhpadPaEoPAhTDJwyts4IYpz/view?usp=drivesdk"><img border="0" data-original-height="1097" data-original-width="2199" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRO-xBXOCUnxvLo5ZD2Z457SgMVY42scYjHpC5dbs3hBgecsiZLkDZ_j-WyEI6ynCOzPnG5tExDodgWijM4WGufgWiCzL-Q_Acl8YwlXh1sdic41DJJEB-ntT3Of4lP2rAiCb5jvq9yBaTZdwnpDKJoGinxstU83A0m5xtmUw6nhEQMxi2BvRt1BPs/w640-h320/C8B80728-4ADD-4958-B0EC-4EA7AB17C148.jpeg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/17bJ0YRjoOhpadPaEoPAhTDJwyts4IYpz/view?usp=drivesdk">Pulsa la imagen superior para acceder al dossier<br /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6aLbJgk3nYzfICYhqKrwFIAgoNYLC-oK15apaAS72mHj6jAa9Dg1kXrGCevdiludC_b_sN5n46BT7Lmx1HybDX9mB7NIv3VriCTChxv8odOLuZ4Cy707eWwAmON0PnQQiilDMNgMll1jCQjqHXjY3dZd9vxVrnJ9tmw9BqWWKkvwmUG6rpr22CbVz/s990/833E7856-52C5-4CCE-999C-F5BE855300D4.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="990" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6aLbJgk3nYzfICYhqKrwFIAgoNYLC-oK15apaAS72mHj6jAa9Dg1kXrGCevdiludC_b_sN5n46BT7Lmx1HybDX9mB7NIv3VriCTChxv8odOLuZ4Cy707eWwAmON0PnQQiilDMNgMll1jCQjqHXjY3dZd9vxVrnJ9tmw9BqWWKkvwmUG6rpr22CbVz/w640-h426/833E7856-52C5-4CCE-999C-F5BE855300D4.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fuente: Diario Público</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyjl0x7XZ89cOEMOVZnWIYdKQOPchJlvORyb6VHnLO9BZxWjWD_2_JkMaoN9FgfreAWuJMiYGS3X5XoroOw5UqJ-aioBXb0bmxsEXNMGH11fs808M3GhOM7UOKHOe2i42yjaeyUDMfoi-8KQqBAKdt0hgDpzhtka8EuVJ59bVuW7vxFyL11sT49949/s2000/AA3430DF-F908-4B64-862E-D36B82C4DCD8.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1139" data-original-width="2000" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyjl0x7XZ89cOEMOVZnWIYdKQOPchJlvORyb6VHnLO9BZxWjWD_2_JkMaoN9FgfreAWuJMiYGS3X5XoroOw5UqJ-aioBXb0bmxsEXNMGH11fs808M3GhOM7UOKHOe2i42yjaeyUDMfoi-8KQqBAKdt0hgDpzhtka8EuVJ59bVuW7vxFyL11sT49949/w640-h364/AA3430DF-F908-4B64-862E-D36B82C4DCD8.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Actualización 14 noviembre 2022<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-29201216926298049832021-10-16T11:26:00.010+02:002023-03-29T10:15:16.945+02:00Primeros pobladores: Unidad Didáctica Interactiva sobre la Prehistoria en la Comarca de Huéscar <p> ¿Quieres saber lo que pasaba en la Prehistoria y la Edad Antigua en nuestros pueblos? Estupendo, porque ahora disponemos de una gran herramienta: la Unidad Didáctica Interactiva “Primeros Pobladores”. Se trata de una iniciativa de la Mancomunidad de Municipios de la Comarca de Huéscar y Diputación de Granada, elaborada por la Asociación Cultural La Nave, donde podremos aprender un montón de cosas con textos muy sencillos, para proyectar en la pizarra, con un montón de imágenes y con actividades y vídeos. Aunque está preparada para primaria nos puede servir también en 1° de ESO. ¡Aprovéchala! </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://view.genial.ly/60f6c766dc52e50dc27cc872/guide-udi-primeros-pobladores-primaria?fbclid=IwAR2rZc7WEZ7_iU7yl44vr0sCXmJmC15Ag5TrlPyXEodddYh0_EDnPXCVIYw" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1185" data-original-width="2048" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Gu1nlSIoNNF8TyGZApdnInDb5S8_wBJnC8ca6tZQ8v-IZc0HT6ZeGlCX53b18OlYJ8TQlbL6eH7GV1LzvB4dge7mf-9qF9m0xEb8DPzeEV6TUTbDCoeAt3SmyTp77O7NzAHDAaNQgLw/w640-h370/B384D064-F781-42E7-84BE-7E87C3518CFD.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-75266255853004519762021-04-18T19:17:00.005+02:002021-09-19T08:14:50.297+02:00The great geographical discoveries/ the Spanish Empire<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rjhIzemLdos" width="320" youtube-src-id="rjhIzemLdos"></iframe></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnzI8OE7VJ5E_rHnZRLDV5FT5gEwEpeljaGifoJyuLNb5s1_dMo8h9CAxJOG639VMb4fD5oM1zMn_QzOHrhXMwbXeELxNKDlVi7M7AeB_a2lgdHbVD-W3BgUeVl2Wb5q5FNSgI4H2AEUE/s620/9197511_orig.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="620" data-original-width="472" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnzI8OE7VJ5E_rHnZRLDV5FT5gEwEpeljaGifoJyuLNb5s1_dMo8h9CAxJOG639VMb4fD5oM1zMn_QzOHrhXMwbXeELxNKDlVi7M7AeB_a2lgdHbVD-W3BgUeVl2Wb5q5FNSgI4H2AEUE/w488-h640/9197511_orig.jpg" width="488" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://imperialismoflatinamerica.weebly.com/</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>1.- <b>Use the following expressions to complete the concept map:</b></p><p>-Mayans<span> -Atlantic<span> -astrolabe<span> -Incas<span> -technological<span> -The Castilians<span> -Pizarro</span><span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span> -compass<span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span>-First voyage to the Americas<span> -encomiendas</span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span></span></span></span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm3mdszujVAU753v8q1Et5AXiS33BIiAnYlpbkHC46kkI_TA8W3JSwqJZItNamJL2abvQ3_VO4vB29KDrfM6oX2Grs99BsxsAjjoICMzbBCC_t3H4ZumtBX98b41orUKCJ3WW8W8n4C84/s900/geographical.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="900" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm3mdszujVAU753v8q1Et5AXiS33BIiAnYlpbkHC46kkI_TA8W3JSwqJZItNamJL2abvQ3_VO4vB29KDrfM6oX2Grs99BsxsAjjoICMzbBCC_t3H4ZumtBX98b41orUKCJ3WW8W8n4C84/s16000/geographical.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sacado de Vicens-Vives</td></tr></tbody></table><span><span><span><br /><br /></span></span></span><p></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span>2.- </span></span></span></span></span></span><b>Use the following expressions to complete the concept map:</b></p><p>-Aragón<span> -Peninsula<span> -German<span> -Comuneros<span> -Moors<span> -France<span> -Peninsula<span> -German states</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmzT1m48-WRBIOdaSGdgrCts-L8kwneAra1adfwT8lvdliwVvDRsquHR55XtSJCaj0JR_fIEoiHFOJJxRwf-w7EoxUVWrRAgaxXNsS48I8WNwyoTs-jHewmnq_jtcnUYWojloTTuYsHL8/s900/img_271819.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="900" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmzT1m48-WRBIOdaSGdgrCts-L8kwneAra1adfwT8lvdliwVvDRsquHR55XtSJCaj0JR_fIEoiHFOJJxRwf-w7EoxUVWrRAgaxXNsS48I8WNwyoTs-jHewmnq_jtcnUYWojloTTuYsHL8/s16000/img_271819.png" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sacado de Vicen-Vives</td></tr></tbody></table><span><span><span><br /><b>GLOSSARY</b></span></span></span><p></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>A) THE GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">astrolabe</span> (n): an instrument used to make astronomical measurements, and for calculating latitude in navigation.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Aztecs</span> (n): a pre-Columbian civilisation that occupied parts of Central America.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">bourgeoisie</span> (n): a social class that worked in trade, artisan activities and government institutions.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">caravel</span> (n): a small, fast-sailing ship used for colonial voyages between the 15<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> and 17<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> centuries.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">colony</span> (n): a country under the political control of another country, and occupied by settlers from that country.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">compass</span> (n): an instrument that shows the directions of north, south, east and west.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">ducat</span> (n): a valuable coin made of gold.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">dynastic union</span> (n): two territories that are governed by the same dynasty but keep their own borders, feudal systems, laws, institutions and money.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">expedition</span> (n): an organised journey for a particular purpose.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Incas</span> (n): a pre-Columbian civilisation that inhabited the Andes mountain range.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;"><em style="font-weight: inherit;">majorat</em></span> (n): the legal right of the eldest son to inherit his father's property.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">monopoly</span> (n): the exclusive control or possession of something, for example, trade.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Maya</span> (n): a pre-Columbian civilisation that occupied parts of Central America.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Morisco</span> (n): a Muslim in Spain who has accepted Christian baptism.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">portolan chart</span> (n): a document with sailing directions and descriptions of ports used for navigation.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">pre-Columbian</span> (adj): before the arrival of Columbus in the Americas in 1492.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">promissory note</span> (n): a signed document that could be exchanged for goods.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">theocracy</span> (n): a system of government in which priests rule as the divine representatives of a god or gods.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">trading post</span> (n): a settlement established for trading, usually in a remote location.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">viceroy</span> (n): a person who governs a territory in the name of a monarch.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">voyage</span> (n): a long journey by ship.</p><b>B) THE SPANISH EMPIRE</b><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">bureaucracy</span> (n): a system of government administration, managed by non-elected officials.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">civil servant</span> (n): a member of the civil service, the institution that puts the ruler's policies into practice.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">colonisation</span> (n): the process of settling in a country and controlling its indigenous population.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">conquest</span> (n): the process of taking control of an area or people in a war.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;"><em style="font-weight: inherit;">criollo</em></span> (n): a descendant of Europeans, born in the Americas.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">emperor</span> (n): the ruler of an empire.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">evangelisation</span> (n): the process of converting someone to Christianity.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">harquebusier</span> (n): an infantry soldier armed with a harquebus, an early form of rifle.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">hegemony</span> (n): the dominance or leadership of a country over others.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">heir</span> (n): the person who will inherit property or a title on the death of a predecessor.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">indigenous</span> (adj): native to a particular place.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">inherit</span> (v): to receive something, such as money, from someone who has died.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;"><em style="font-weight: inherit;">mestizo</em></span> (n): a person of mixed origin with one Spanish parent and one indigenous parent.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">pike</span> (n): an infantry weapon which had a very long wooden shaft and a sharp pointed metal tip.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">precious metal</span> (n): a rare metal, such as gold or silver, used for making coins.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">revolt</span> (n): an act of resistance or rebellion against an authority.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Revolt of the Comuneros</span> (n): an uprising by the citizens of Castile against Charles I in 1521.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">slave</span> (n): a person owned as the property of someone else, forced to work for no pay and against his or her will.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;"><em style="font-weight: inherit;">tercio</em></span> (n): a Spanish military formation made up of 3 000 infantry soldiers armed with pikes, swords and harquebuses.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">viceroyalty</span> (n): the position of, or territory governed by, a viceroy.</p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-47583623662867052712021-04-11T16:30:00.003+02:002021-04-11T16:40:48.891+02:00The birth of the Modern World. The Art of the Renaissance<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px;">Europe and the traders</span></p><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The population growth in the 15<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century led to a rise in demand, which stimulated the growth of the economy (agriculture, crafts and trade).</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">Maritime trade experienced a major boom, especially the Eastern spice routes. This is why this period is known as 'merchant capitalism'.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The bourgeoisie became wealthy thanks to commercial businesses and the development of banks.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: justify;">Humanism</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">Humanists discovered the writers of antiquity and promoted a new culture that placed man at the centre of the Universe. They developed the arts and literature and engaged in a new form of science based on reason and experimentation.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The printing press revolutionised the way the new humanist ideas were spread by making it possible to print a huge number of books in less time and more cheaply.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: justify;">Religious reform</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The new humanist mentality was critical of some aspects of the Church , especially the behaviour of some clerics and its wealth.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">In Germany, Luther proposed a reformation of the Church and its doctrine and clashed with the Pope in Rome. He was expelled from the Church and his ideas spread throughout Northern Europe.</p></li></ul><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVhKOsl1yw61N3rFWWzGnaSiG1rR36c1KlbPwI2Ci8g3Uh1tI879Tm_gh6La876A92jBj-N54ebRJ8wmoGr7EEFwFWRvyfcLK7UKDk2_cA35idToxz1z0dG26zZOa_7aZSGNAl3oZzSHI/s900/Reforma.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="900" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVhKOsl1yw61N3rFWWzGnaSiG1rR36c1KlbPwI2Ci8g3Uh1tI879Tm_gh6La876A92jBj-N54ebRJ8wmoGr7EEFwFWRvyfcLK7UKDk2_cA35idToxz1z0dG26zZOa_7aZSGNAl3oZzSHI/w400-h271/Reforma.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vicens-Vives</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: lato_regular;"><br /></span></div><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: justify;">The Counter-Reformation</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The Catholic Church reacted by convening the Council of Trent, which was tasked with correcting previous errors and establishing the dogmas that all Catholics had to follow.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">To prevent the spread of Protestantism, the Inquisition Tribunal was created. This persecuted and judged all those suspected of heresy.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">In order to spread the principles of the Counter-Reformation, the Society of Jesus was created and tasked with teaching and evangelising.</p></li></ul><div><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: justify;">Artistic Renaissance</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The Renaissance was a new artistic movement that flourished in the first two centuries of the early modern period (15<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> and 16<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup>) and was closely linked to the humanistic cultural revolution.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">Like humanists, Renaissance artists considered themselves the successors of the classical masters and were inspired by ancient Greek and Roman works.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">Architects adopted Greek and Roman styles. Sculptors and painters extolled the beauty and proportion of the human figure and invented new techniques, such as oil painting and perspective.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: justify;">The Italian Renaissance</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The Renaissance began in Italy and subsequently spread throughout the rest of Europe.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The new style developed in two stages: the <em style="font-weight: inherit;">Quattrocento</em> (1400s), which began in Florence and was influenced by the Medici family, and the <em style="font-weight: inherit;">Cinquecento</em> (1500s), when the capital of art moved to Rome and the popes became great patrons of the arts.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: justify;">The Renaissance in the rest of Europe</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The Italian Renaissance spread throughout the rest of Europe from the 16th century.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">The introduction of the new style in France and in the countries of the north was the result of both the influence from Italy and the desire of artists to reflect reality and the human body more objectively and accurately.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: justify;">The Renaissance in Spain<span style="font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;"> (</span><span style="font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">look from slide 118)</span></h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">In Spain, the Renaissance began in the 16th century, when the influence of Italian and Flemish artists began to bring the new style to the court.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">Three different architectural styles developed: Plateresque, Classical and Herrerian.</p></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: lato_regular;"><br /></span></div></div>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="485" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="//www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/key/tT66ig7CejyOv1" style="border-width: 1px; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;" width="595"> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> <strong> <a href="//www.slideshare.net/Negrevernis/el-arte-del-renacimiento-30450904" target="_blank" title="El arte del Renacimiento">El arte del Renacimiento</a> </strong> de <strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/Negrevernis" target="_blank">Negrevernis Negrevernis</a></strong> </div><div style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><h4 style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">GLOSSARY (Artistic terms are highlighted)</span></h4><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">aerial perspective</span> (n): the method of creating the illusion of depth.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Anglicanism</span> (n): the faith and practice of the Protestant Church started by King Henry VIII.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;"><em style="font-weight: inherit;">auto-da-fé</em></span> (n): the ritual of public penance by heretics condemned by the Inquisition.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">anthropocentrism</span> (n): the belief that human beings are at the centre of everything.</p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">background</span> (n): the part of a painting behind the main subject that appears furthest from the viewer.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Calvinism</span> (n): the faith and practice of the Protestant Church started by John Calvin.</p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">chiaroscuro</span> (n): a technique that uses light and shadow to give volume and contrast to figures and objects.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Cinquecento</span> (n): the period of the Renaissance when the art capital moved to Rome and the Pope acted as patron.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">commission</span> (v): to order a work of art, for example, to be produced.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Counter-Reformation</span> (n): a revival of the Catholic Church in response to the Reformation.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">courtier</span> (n): a member of the royal court who gave advice or companionship to the monarch.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">doctrine</span> (n): a set of beliefs taught by a religion or political party.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">dogma</span> (n): a set of principles established as undeniably true by a religious or political authority.</p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">foreground</span> (n): the part of a painting where the subject is represented and appears closest to the viewer.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Herrerian</span> (adj): a Spanish Renaissance architectural style with straight lines, cubic volumes and very little ornamentation.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">humanism</span> (n): a cultural movement of the Renaissance that revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">indulgences</span> (n): exemptions from divine punishment granted by the Church to those who confessed their sins.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Jesuit</span> (n): a member of the influential order of Catholic priests known as the Society of Jesus.</p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">illusion of depth</span> (n): the representation of a three-dimensional world on a flat surface.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Inquisition Tribunal</span> (n): the religious tribunal established by the Pope to suppress heresy in Catholic countries.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Lutheranism</span> (n): the faith and practice of the Protestant Church born from Luther's ideas.</p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">oil painting</span> (n): a type of painting that mixes pigments and vegetable or mineral oil.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">patron</span> (n): someone who gives money and support to a person or organisation and their activities.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">perspective</span> (n): the technique that gives paintings a three-dimensional character.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Plateresque</span> (adj): a Spanish Renaissance architectural style that introduced new decorative elements to Gothic buildings.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">portrait</span> (n): a painting or drawing of a person.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">printing press</span> (n): a machine invented in the 15<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century for producing text and images in large quantities.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Protestantism</span> (n): the faith and practice of the Christian Church that broke from the Catholic Church during the Reformation.</p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Quattrocento</span> (n): the period of the Renaissance that began in Florence and flourished under the Medici family.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">realism</span> (n): an artistic style that represents people, objects and situations as they are in real life.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Reformation</span> (n): the movement to reform the Catholic Church that led to the creation of the Protestant Church in the 16<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century.</p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Renaissance</span> (n): an artistic movement that flourished during the 15<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> and the 16<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> centuries.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">sfumato</span> (n): a technique that blurs outlines and details and modifies colour to make a painting more realistic.</span></p><p style="color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">sponsor</span> (v): to pay for and support an activity or a project.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">theocentrism</span> (n): the belief that God is the centre of everything.</p><p style="cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">vanishing point</span> (n): the point in linear perspective at which parallel lines meet in the background or at a distance.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">worship</span> (n): religious rituals, such as prayers and ceremonies, which express devotion to a god.</p></div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-22120752024682236312021-02-22T17:36:00.005+01:002023-06-20T22:20:54.216+02:00Cities in Medieval Europe<h2 style="text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAfgtPkgyEGwe6qrrLDzKqTsKEAQkBR1mw7bZce9LThlYpNPGiM2ZiJho777H7an7DbrievkmB7l3-6d7AkjjM6H9xv3yMuJOxjrOLqp6WKU9RF0sRMvGS4wnz-5KUZtZfo5uSgav5gA8/s900/img_315111.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="900" height="485" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAfgtPkgyEGwe6qrrLDzKqTsKEAQkBR1mw7bZce9LThlYpNPGiM2ZiJho777H7an7DbrievkmB7l3-6d7AkjjM6H9xv3yMuJOxjrOLqp6WKU9RF0sRMvGS4wnz-5KUZtZfo5uSgav5gA8/w640-h485/img_315111.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Fuente de imágenes y vocabulario: Vicens-Vives</span></td></tr></tbody></table></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;">Glossary</h2><div><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">apprentice</span> (n): a person who acts as assistant and student to a skilled artisan.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Black Death</span> (n): the epidemic of bubonic plague that killed a large section of the European population in the 14<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">bourgeoisie</span> (n): the wealthy social class associated with trade and business.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">burgher</span> (n): an urban inhabitant of the early medieval cities or burghs.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;"><em style="font-weight: inherit;">Cortes</em></span> (n): the assembly made up of the clergy, nobility and bourgeoisie that helped the king govern.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">crusade</span> (n): a military expedition by Christian forces to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Diaspora</span> (n): the scattering of Jews into countries outside of Palestine after they were expelled from their land in 135 AD.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">divine punishment</span> (n): the punishment of a group of people by God in response to some action. An example in the Bible is the great flood, which only Noah and his followers survived.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">galley</span> (n): a ship with sails and oars used for trade and war.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">guild</span> (n): an association of artisans who made the same products. Medieval guilds protected artisans from the competition of artisans in other cities.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Jewish Quarter (<em style="font-weight: inherit;">judería</em>)</span> (n): the area of a medieval city or town populated by the Jewish community.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">magistrate</span> (n): in medieval times, a person who worked for the mayor, administering justice.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">maritime</span> (adj): relating to the sea.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">master artisan</span> (n): a skilled artisan who has passed an exam to become a qualified professional, with the permission of the guild.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">moneychanger</span> (n): a person who exchanges money of different currencies.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">plague</span> (n): a contagious and often fatal disease that spreads quickly among the population.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">revolt</span> (n): an act of rebellion or revolution.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">synagogue</span> (n): the religious building where the Jewish community goes to worship.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Torah</span> (n): the sacred writings of the Jewish community that are kept in the synagogue.</li><li><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">urban patricians</span> (n): the richest families of merchants and bankers who governed the cities in the Middle Ages.</li></ul><h2 style="text-align: left;">Summary activity</h2><h3 style="text-align: left;">Use the following words to complete the concept map:</h3><div>-trade<span> <span> </span>-the Mediterránean<span> -<span>merchants <span> </span></span>-population increase<span> -end of the great invasions<span> </span></span></span></span>-traders<span> -the Black Death<span> <span> </span><span> </span>-bankers<span> -guilds<span> -bourgeoisie</span></span></span></span></div><div><span><span><span><span><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh63SjB1w5hbFS3NkR09bvcQnlKLEnYgupAFQI46MCl1nLEs_iqFcpM3REVMYtNR_UHWfbRelLALmsUiLI4qHhijpBCe9cucGBvB4TO9Io66z5ZRCXhyk26JaSsDUxonbUvWNUnLD229_k/s900/img_305702.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="900" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh63SjB1w5hbFS3NkR09bvcQnlKLEnYgupAFQI46MCl1nLEs_iqFcpM3REVMYtNR_UHWfbRelLALmsUiLI4qHhijpBCe9cucGBvB4TO9Io66z5ZRCXhyk26JaSsDUxonbUvWNUnLD229_k/w640-h304/img_305702.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/cherepaja/tema-7-el-renacer-urbano-de-europa">https://www.slideshare.net/cherepaja/tema-7-el-renacer-urbano-de-europa</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p></p></div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-59922261852896668552021-02-02T19:15:00.011+01:002023-03-29T10:16:13.493+02:00Explicamos el gótico a través de sus obras<p style="text-align: justify;">Una vez que en clase hayamos visto las características generales de la cultura y el arte en la época del gótico, nos vamos a proponer como tarea explicar esas características comentando algunas obras de arquitectura, escultura o pintura de el periodo que estamos estudiando (siglo XII-final de la Edad Media).</p><h2 style="text-align: justify;">Repasemos un poco:</h2><div style="text-align: justify;">Desde finales del siglo XII, la mejora de las condiciones económicas y el desarrollo de la vida urbana tuvieron un gran impacto en la cultura del Occidente europeo. A partir de esa época y durante toda la Plena y Baja Edad Media (siglos XII-XV), la cultura estuvo ligada a las ciudades y a un nuevo estilo artístico más complejo que permitió construir grandes edificios y mostrar la pujanza económica y cultural de la vida urbana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">En las ciudades, el deseo de profesores y estudiantes de enseñar y aprender más libremente, sin el control de las autoridades religiosas o municipales, dio lugar a la formación de corporaciones independientes de profesores y alumnos llamadas universidades.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">La Iglesia deseaba mostrar, a través de edificios enormes y hermosas obras de arte, su poder y su superioridad y reflejar en ellas el reino de los cielos, que les era prometido a los buenos cristianos.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Esto se plasmó sobre todo en las ciudades, nuevos centros de poder económico y político, con la construcción de grandes catedrales decoradas con hermosos retablos, esculturas y pinturas.</div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Arquitectura</h3><div>Presenta una serie de innovaciones técnicas, que vamos a ver principalmente en las catedrales, aunque también se construyen edificios civiles (ayuntamientos, lonjas...):</div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Uso del <b>arco ojival</b>, que permite una mayor altura e iluminación.</li><li><b>Bóveda de crucería</b>, formada por el cruce de arcos ojivales que descargan en columnas y pilares.</li><li>Empleo de <b>arbotantes</b>, que reparten las cargas de la nave central hacia los contrafuertes y se coronan con <b>pináculos</b>.</li><li>Fachadas con tres puertas, una para cada nave, y repiten la existencia de portadas abocinadas, con <b>tímpanos y arquivoltas</b> decorados con relieves, pero con forma ojival.</li><li>Destacan las <b>vidrieras</b> en la nave central (claristorio) y el <b>rosetón</b> en la fachada principal. Además existen otros elementos decorativos como los <b>gabletes</b> (molduras triangulares) en las fachadas.</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtPnUPGKwM0beRi34ZbEleTDGfQScukWZDGLgWcUyJG0qcjQY2tF-5KGzz99V3z2mfYAziTydxL_WSPbHvFIyLihoLvyraIgldEQUdYAbDNSnh9upOClr8ESfO4GOLtEFeCJpSkMMV8yQ/s1039/catedrac3b1-gc3a7ptoca.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="915" data-original-width="1039" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtPnUPGKwM0beRi34ZbEleTDGfQScukWZDGLgWcUyJG0qcjQY2tF-5KGzz99V3z2mfYAziTydxL_WSPbHvFIyLihoLvyraIgldEQUdYAbDNSnh9upOClr8ESfO4GOLtEFeCJpSkMMV8yQ/s320/catedrac3b1-gc3a7ptoca.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy9tX9rgvV8dvPSIvADC4IzmlHsJTgYHpOBJRTqNZ4yGH5Dbak3AJaIUVsN7odsGcTMrJZITd30AXrus5naRc1DFoGFtdIJ0ivra4VyZ_Q3ldwPbdao6-aZ0G3fUJxRsXH6Gu_yjNSfTc/s700/6A887B9A-F892-4AFA-9802-55487DFA2EA9.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="700" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy9tX9rgvV8dvPSIvADC4IzmlHsJTgYHpOBJRTqNZ4yGH5Dbak3AJaIUVsN7odsGcTMrJZITd30AXrus5naRc1DFoGFtdIJ0ivra4VyZ_Q3ldwPbdao6-aZ0G3fUJxRsXH6Gu_yjNSfTc/w400-h400/6A887B9A-F892-4AFA-9802-55487DFA2EA9.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 style="text-align: left;">Artes figurativas</h3></div><div style="text-align: justify;">La <b>escultura</b> sigue estando integrada en la arquitectura, pero cada vez más aparecen esculturas exentas, en sepulcros, retablos... </div><div style="text-align: justify;">En general abandona la rigidez y el esquematismo del románico y empieza a ser más naturalista y expresiva: movimiento, proporciones, ropajes, rasgos individualizados, expresión de sentimientos...</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Guac_dNfBpO3eKtQz-_tsx00YTWXhjNUSfbPrAH0WpTIKcJ65iPBlmrEsc4ElA1qyK4pIcSPaLYX_XGdhcwCws0gZRRCSm-98P_CZYbnlE4TrOrAUIBBnfpF12o6R7p7cGUJCJPPgNA/s1200/B969C80D-2262-46BC-9A4D-57487667770A.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Guac_dNfBpO3eKtQz-_tsx00YTWXhjNUSfbPrAH0WpTIKcJ65iPBlmrEsc4ElA1qyK4pIcSPaLYX_XGdhcwCws0gZRRCSm-98P_CZYbnlE4TrOrAUIBBnfpF12o6R7p7cGUJCJPPgNA/w300-h400/B969C80D-2262-46BC-9A4D-57487667770A.jpeg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Portada de la catedral de Sevilla. Fuente: Enciclopedia Libre Universal</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> En <b>pintura</b>, la importancia del fresco se va reduciendo y aparecen técnicas nuevas, como la pintura sobre tabla (retablos), que se realizaba al temple (con yema de huevo). Al igual que la pintura es más realista que la del románico, y empiezan a aparecer elementos de paisaje, profundidad, expresión, movimiento, iluminación...</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOZn6woJSaFwQ-7C5PWxyPi0qsl4DYkEoR5t0acEQbPu1RbVro39FVLeYj9-fpWzKl39HW8Ha9OQfc9Lla31DTOehp73qY0hMWndpuChFKhVpgF2tdHfz6ekKNMrJ7ZSxoRalprP7ov0s/s876/C45411C2-9F5C-43A5-ABFD-5E769AF193EF.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="876" data-original-width="798" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOZn6woJSaFwQ-7C5PWxyPi0qsl4DYkEoR5t0acEQbPu1RbVro39FVLeYj9-fpWzKl39HW8Ha9OQfc9Lla31DTOehp73qY0hMWndpuChFKhVpgF2tdHfz6ekKNMrJ7ZSxoRalprP7ov0s/w365-h400/C45411C2-9F5C-43A5-ABFD-5E769AF193EF.jpeg" width="365" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Expulsión de los demonios de Arezzo, de Giotto. Wikipedia.</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="text-align: left;">Actividad</h2><div style="text-align: justify;">Escogemos una obra artística del gótico (puede ser un edificio, una escultura o una pintura) y vamos a realizar un póster, presentación o vídeo en el que expliquemos sus principales características: lugar en el que está, fecha de creación, autor (si se conoce) y señalar en la obra las características que hemos estudiado para la arquitectura, pintura y escultura. Si se trata de una pintura hay además que explicar la técnica utilizada y la escena que representa.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Os enlazo de nuevo a la entrada con los tutoriales para hacer póster con Canva, Mural o Glogster:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><a href="http://sosiales.blogspot.com/2020/11/disenamos-un-poster-sobre-la-europa.html">http://sosiales.blogspot.com/2020/11/disenamos-un-poster-sobre-la-europa.html</a></li></ul><div>Pero también podéis hacer un vídeo utilizando también la misma dinámica de Canva, con plantillas a las que podemos añadir imágenes y texto:</div><div><ul><li><a href="https://www.canva.com/es_es/crear/videos/">https://www.canva.com/es_es/crear/videos/</a></li></ul></div><div>Esta vez lo vamos a intentar hacer utilizando nuestros apuntes y vocabulario en inglés.</div><h2>Apuntes en inglés </h2><div><ul><li><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FHPXcEsjlZ4_-L2zP-aaLkAameGGGpLO/view?usp=sharing">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FHPXcEsjlZ4_-L2zP-aaLkAameGGGpLO/view?usp=sharing</a></li></ul></div><h3>Sugerencia de obras:</h3><div><ol><li>Notre Dame de París</li><li>Sainte-Chapelle de París</li><li>Catedral de Reims</li><li>Catedral de Chartres</li><li>Catedral de Canterbury</li><li>Catedral de Wells</li><li>Catedral de Burgos</li><li>Catedral de León</li><li>Ángel de la sonrisa (Catedral de Reims)</li><li>Virgen Blanca (Catedral de Toledo)</li><li>Retratos de Ekkehard II y Uta von Meißen, en la catedral de Naumburgo</li><li>Vírgenes prudentes de la catedral de Magdeburgo</li><li>Maestá del Duomo de Siena</li><li>El beso de Judas de la Capilla Scrovegni</li><li>San Francisco predicando a los pájaros, de la basílica de Asís</li><li>El matrimonio Arnolfini</li><li>Cualquier otra que te guste y sea del estilo y la época</li></ol></div><div><br /></div></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div><br /></div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-90570476034955824332020-12-23T11:33:00.014+01:002022-10-20T15:49:30.413+02:00The origin of the first Peninsular Kingdoms (8th-13th centuries)<h2 style="text-align: justify;"> How the first kingdoms and counties were formed?</h2><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">During the 8th century, an army of Muslims invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Only two mountanious regions in the north resisted the invasion: Cordillera Cantábrica and Pyrenees.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The Christian Kingdoms and counties began the <b>Reconquest</b> of the land occupied by the Muslims.</li></ul><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Western focus</h3></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">In Asturias, a group of Hispano-Visigothic nobles and families, led by Pelagius, resisted the Muslims and refused to pay tributes to them (722, battle of Covadonga).</li><li style="text-align: justify;">This led to the creation of the <b>Kingdom of Asturias</b>, wich after expanding west (Galicia), east (Cantabria) and south, stablished its capital in Oviedo and recovered visigothic laws (IX century).</li></ul><h3 style="text-align: justify;">Pyrenean region</h3></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">The counties that formed the <i>Marca Hispanica</i> in the Pyrenees were controlled by the Carolingian Empire. The Frankish emperor chose the nobles (counts and marquis) who ruled the territories.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The counties gained independence from Frankish rule and became the counties of <b>Aragón</b>, the <b>Catalan counties</b> and the <b>Kingdom of Pamplona</b>, later known as Navarra.</li></ul><h2 style="text-align: justify;">From the Kingdom of Asturias to the Kingdom of León and Castilla</h2></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">In the second half of the IX centuries Asturian kings took advantage of the weakness of the emirate of Córdoba and stretched out to the river Duero.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">They <b>resettle</b> the territory with peasant families from the Cantabrian valleys.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">To control and protect the territory, the court was moved to León (Ordoño II, X century) and the kingdom was renamed <b>Kigdom of León</b>.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">As a result of the proclamation of the Califate in Al-Andalus and its military power (<b>raids</b> of Almansur), the kingdom of León stopped expanding and the border was fixed on the river Duero.</li></ul><h3 style="text-align: justify;">The kingdom of Castilla</h3></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">To defend their territory from the Muslims in the east, the kings of León built castles and gave military power to various counts. The area was known as Castilla.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">In the 10th century the count Fernán González unified the counties and began to act independently, creating the County of Castilla.</li><li>In the XI century Castilla County was incorporated to the Pamplona Kingdom (with Sancho III) and became kingdom with his son Fernando I, first king os Castilla and León.</li></ul></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivtkZQ79LfApkujERGP7ELBz9dHl9apXFIEyP-NPlvzPfpxgoWVByuDplFzNRyaeEQ58Ql78Xw_5fwhNg_Ojo0BtODeTmyxM6PhXJxnB_DqPm22_utQU3JdFvVLqgRBDxhWfFJq0O8qyM/s1200/D0D093E5-D1FD-4AFE-9D4B-5FA415A6F352.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img alt="Image from the series "El Cid", a military leader of Castilian origin who conquered Valencia and established his own dominion. Despite being exalted as a national hero in Spain, he fought as a mercenary for both Christians and Muslims." border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="1200" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivtkZQ79LfApkujERGP7ELBz9dHl9apXFIEyP-NPlvzPfpxgoWVByuDplFzNRyaeEQ58Ql78Xw_5fwhNg_Ojo0BtODeTmyxM6PhXJxnB_DqPm22_utQU3JdFvVLqgRBDxhWfFJq0O8qyM/w400-h223/D0D093E5-D1FD-4AFE-9D4B-5FA415A6F352.jpeg" title="Image from the series "El Cid", a military leader of Castilian origin who conquered Valencia and established his own dominion. Despite being exalted as a national hero in Spain, he fought as a mercenary for both Christians and Muslims." width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Image from the series "El Cid", a military leader of Castilian origin who conquered Valencia and established his own dominion. Despite being exalted as a national hero in Spain, he fought as a mercenary for both Christians and Muslims.</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="text-align: left;">The Pyrenean counties and kingdoms</h2><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">In the <b>9th century</b> Pamplona and County of Aragón expelled the Frankish rulers. The count Wilfred the Hairy of Barcelona annexed most of the Catalan Counties. </li><li style="text-align: justify;">In the <b>10th century</b> Catalonia gained independence from the Franks.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">At the starts of the <b>11th century</b> the king Sancho III of Pamplona expanded his territory to:</li><ul><li style="text-align: justify;">The County of Castilla</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The County of Aragón (with Sobrarbe and Ribagorza).</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The Kingdom of León.</li></ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Sancho III, called the Great, divided the kingdom among his sons, creating:</li><ul><li style="text-align: justify;">The Kingdom of Castilla y León</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The Kingdom of Pamplona</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The Kingdom of Aragón.</li></ul></ul><div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqVkIuXpoEj7hoSIYmpUO8eKLI_Mdx0x9OiZSST6AkeqqQ3Fq0goxcqQRYpfi5AiEh73_0x8ucDirEL5WqCUVc2vuJ4UJmxj5cP_7xQGMUpvJk46DIZ16trQj90rt5CYuxtco0MOzzi2k/w400-h355/B9DC0393-3F13-4D92-9D09-728EEEEB7DEF.jpeg" style="text-align: left;" /></div></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">The Repoblación</h2><div style="text-align: justify;">The <b>resettlement</b> involved the occupation of land that been deserted or had been reclaimed from Al-Andalus by the Christian kings. In the firts centuries there were two types of resettlement:</div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">Free resettlement or <i>presura </i>(X-XI c.)in wich the king granted land to free peasant.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Concejiles resettlement (XI-XII c.)was organised collectively in areas on the border. To encourage the settlement the monarchs granted privileges to the inhabitants (fueros and municipal charters).</li></ul><div style="text-align: justify;">The kings gave too land to nobles, so they could defend it, and to monks, so they could build monasteries.</div></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">The advance of the Christian Kingdoms</h2><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">While the Caliphate of Al-Andalus was breaking down, the Christian kingdoms continued to expand during the 11th century. The taifa kings accepted the payment of <i>parias</i> (gold) to maintain the peace. </li><li style="text-align: justify;">The northern kingdoms reached the Tajo Valley in the west (Castile and Leon conquest Toledo 1085) and the Ebro Valley in the east (Aragon conquest Tarragona 1095, Zaragoza 1118).</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Kingdom of Navarra didn’t expand very much because it was limited by Aragon and Castile.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">The kingdoms of Castile and Leon, Aragon and Navarre, and the Catalane Counties grew stronger, but their 12th century advances were blocked by the Almoravids and Almohads.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Catalan Counties and the Kingdom of Aragon were united to form the Crown of Aragon (s XII)</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwYldeflAIYIzhyphenhyphen5-B6rBDtX359NwsvcECdW_2o2QU8PYsa_AcekUzeVH5ByYN5en1wef5g2k_mvDuRkFvadATq-tEyd5eY125PeNJkeOnzHwFoI8Q_LZ-Zu4AO0M1XJQ1HBidXz5hfoU/s933/2098AEE2-1FE1-41AA-A9FF-D9DFA608D4F9.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="685" data-original-width="933" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwYldeflAIYIzhyphenhyphen5-B6rBDtX359NwsvcECdW_2o2QU8PYsa_AcekUzeVH5ByYN5en1wef5g2k_mvDuRkFvadATq-tEyd5eY125PeNJkeOnzHwFoI8Q_LZ-Zu4AO0M1XJQ1HBidXz5hfoU/w640-h470/2098AEE2-1FE1-41AA-A9FF-D9DFA608D4F9.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">Cultural heritage</h2><div style="text-align: justify;">In the north of Iberian Peninsula, Santiago de Compostela became the destination for many Christian pirgrims who wanted forgiveness for their sins. Many churches and cathedrals in the Romanesque and Gothic styles were built along the route.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPDtHatgSsUQbfJ9J9GF-VsP__yJ6fSe0Sz9Al3gFmd1izL5tdJJFGogYLxvk4dlqX_1VGaqE1v6NI-4NYs0amABYz-KMHT1k5yG5Lp1OCwjyXjMF3ulbPRrtovFPA6AEix0KOVzMkmC0/s2551/23A76F07-B963-42E1-BFCB-C797C8AA0A0C.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="2551" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPDtHatgSsUQbfJ9J9GF-VsP__yJ6fSe0Sz9Al3gFmd1izL5tdJJFGogYLxvk4dlqX_1VGaqE1v6NI-4NYs0amABYz-KMHT1k5yG5Lp1OCwjyXjMF3ulbPRrtovFPA6AEix0KOVzMkmC0/w640-h310/23A76F07-B963-42E1-BFCB-C797C8AA0A0C.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><h2 style="text-align: left;">Glossary</h2><div><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">allod</span> (n): land that is owned and not subject to rent.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Almohads</span> (n): a Berber dynasty that overthrew the Almoravids and joined the taifas of Al-Andalus to their North African empire in the 12<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Almoravids</span> (n): a Berber dynasty who established an empire across the western Maghreb and helped Al-Andalus hold back the advance of the Christian kingdoms in the 11<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">andalusí</span> (adj): pertaining to Al-Andalus.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Beatus</span> (n): illustrated copies of manuscripts, named after the monk Beatus of Liébana.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Crown</span> (n): the realm or sovereignty of a monarch.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">exile</span> (v): expel someone from their native land.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">fueros</span> (n): the rights and privileges granted to the inhabitants of a town or city.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">hereditary</span> (adj): pertaining to something that can be passed from parents to their children, for example, property.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">inherit</span> (v): receive property, money or titles when someone dies.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Marca Hispánica</span> (n): an area between the Pyrenees and Ebro River created by Charlemagne in 795 to defend the Franks against Al-Andalus.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">mercenary</span> (n): a professional soldier paid to work in a foreign army.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Mudéjar</span> (n): a Muslim who was allowed to live in the Christian kingdoms after the reconquest.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">municipal charter</span> (n): a collective contract that established the conditions for cultivating the land.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">occupy</span> (v): take possession of an area, for example, with military force.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">paria</span> (n): a peace tax paid by the taifas of Al-Andalus to the Christian kingdoms in the north of the Peninsula.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">reconquest</span> (n): the recapturing of lost territory through military force. The Reconquista of the Peninsula by the Christian kingdoms lasted from the 8<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> to the 15<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">resettlement</span> (n): the process of moving groups of people to a new place to live.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Saracen</span> (n): a word for a Muslim commonly used by Christian writers during the Middle Ages.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">tribute</span> (n): a sum of money paid by one sovereign to another in exchange for peace. During the reconquest, the tributes paid by the taifas were called parias.</p></div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-84433029425275266472020-11-26T19:22:00.008+01:002021-10-14T09:07:37.747+02:00Feudalism<p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OfXholnOS9E" width="320" youtube-src-id="OfXholnOS9E"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px;">What is feudalism?</span></p><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">From the 10<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> and 11<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> centuries onwards, a new political, economic and social system called <b>feudalism</b> appeared in western Europe.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The monarchs, unable to defend and control their kingdoms, granted lands (fiefdoms) to nobles and clergy (feudal lords) to govern on their behalf. In exchange, these lords became their <b>vassals</b>, pledged allegiance to them and provided them with military assistance.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Society was divided into three <b>estates</b>. While the first two estates enjoyed all the <b>privileges</b> (the nobility and clergy), the third (peasants and artisans) had none and paid all the taxes.</p></li></ul><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCcBVyh1wGS44PP8H7hlJohzX5sh4oFB3BFawvV-4NTXKoasmJO2bGVp18sU85mOoWGyRYGdB6ABSR20-V1wE7mByvkFSkiQjxp1_33bjhQd_e65o5pCJb6tLVKtHZz6pby0oax-6b0c8/s900/Privileged.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="346" data-original-width="900" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCcBVyh1wGS44PP8H7hlJohzX5sh4oFB3BFawvV-4NTXKoasmJO2bGVp18sU85mOoWGyRYGdB6ABSR20-V1wE7mByvkFSkiQjxp1_33bjhQd_e65o5pCJb6tLVKtHZz6pby0oax-6b0c8/w640-h246/Privileged.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCUEVkSafH4R4KYIKDVwEpWGqRlBNflPFZid5mAeZTKnkifneDYgXpG9jcYRB62l-bVIXgGQManZXigvxNGxWalqoAkr4DDsyiDppE96Yh5T-4bFQDgY4rS13nLFxbxnSGwnUHbPrFyuA/s900/non+privileged.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="219" data-original-width="900" height="157" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCUEVkSafH4R4KYIKDVwEpWGqRlBNflPFZid5mAeZTKnkifneDYgXpG9jcYRB62l-bVIXgGQManZXigvxNGxWalqoAkr4DDsyiDppE96Yh5T-4bFQDgY4rS13nLFxbxnSGwnUHbPrFyuA/w640-h157/non+privileged.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Feudal Society. Vicens-Vives</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: lato_regular;"><br /></span></div><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px;">The feudal monarchy</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The monarch sat at the top of the feudal pyramid and was considered chosen by God to govern society in his name.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The Holy Roman Emperor was regarded by the Pope as the defender of Christianity and the guardian of its unity.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px;">The nobility</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The nobility's primary social function was to fight. They formed a <b>chivalric</b> order made up of people (<b>knights</b>) who were trained in combat.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Nobles lived in fortified <b>castles</b>, from which they governed and managed their fiefdoms. In times of war or danger, the castle became a place of refuge for the fiefdom's inhabitants. As a result, to withstand an attack, it had to be self-sufficient.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The sons of noble families were brought up to become knights. To make sure they were always ready for battle, they took part in <b>tournaments </b>and hunting parties.</p></li></ul><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDKfIUm8WprwfksirKYZYpg3g7kV83EeONIER_5SJT3PHbQDKTGuNhK6K6xewcY5cXiyl3EoUQT-KuX9HTAvfPaKZNd57aIFH33WLZ0AcAyKcEZ0675IzPokEE9Adm2aK_bhc8_3unDzY/s709/Castle.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="709" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDKfIUm8WprwfksirKYZYpg3g7kV83EeONIER_5SJT3PHbQDKTGuNhK6K6xewcY5cXiyl3EoUQT-KuX9HTAvfPaKZNd57aIFH33WLZ0AcAyKcEZ0675IzPokEE9Adm2aK_bhc8_3unDzY/w400-h395/Castle.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Castle. Vicens-Vives</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px;">The Clergy</span></div><div style="background-color: white; cursor: default; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><p start=" 02:04 " style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;">Depending on their role, they were divided into the following:</p><ul class="bullets colorValores" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: none; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 18px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p start=" 02:18 " style="color: black; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Secular clergy</span>, composed of priests and bishops who attended to the believers.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p start=" 02:24 " style="color: black; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Regular clergy</span>, made up of monks and nuns dedicated to prayer. They lived in monasteries in the countryside or convents in the cities.</p></li></ul><p start=" 02:35 " style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;">Not all members of the clergy enjoyed the same standard of living.</p><ul class="bullets colorValores" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: none; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 18px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p start=" 02:40 " style="color: black; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The <span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">high clergy</span> (cardinals, bishops, abbots, etc.) had the same privileges as the nobles.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p start=" 02:48 " style="color: black; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The <span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">lower clergy</span> (parish priests, monks, etc.) lived similar lives to the peasants.</p></li></ul><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiS03JmI_W05jP5BvCcG3biWon7dd668X7a1a0KwtieVgf2mdTc8ONJ6IWkcksWGn5V4Qsm4TD_wz35pGesU9TYmsj-YwO6-1KtzAJ_hNZx1V2xE-vH4mm-Fovsmm0JyM6btq5k8uUTTs/s796/clergy.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="796" height="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiS03JmI_W05jP5BvCcG3biWon7dd668X7a1a0KwtieVgf2mdTc8ONJ6IWkcksWGn5V4Qsm4TD_wz35pGesU9TYmsj-YwO6-1KtzAJ_hNZx1V2xE-vH4mm-Fovsmm0JyM6btq5k8uUTTs/w400-h351/clergy.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clergy. Vicens-Vives</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: lato_regular;"><br /></span></div></div><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px;">The peasantry</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The vast majority of the population were <b>peasant</b>. They lived in small villages and farmed the lands granted to them by the lord (peasant holdings).</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Many were <b>serfs</b> and had to pay the lord numerous taxes. They were also under the jurisdiction of the lord, who could issue orders and impart justice.</p></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: lato_regular;"><br /></span></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Glossary</h3><div><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">armed retinue</span> (n): a group of soldiers who accompanied a knight.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">artisan</span> (n): a person skilled at making objects by hand.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">clergy</span> (n): representatives of the Church, for example, bishops, priests and monks.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">coat of arms</span> (n): a design in the form of a shield that represents a noble family.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">court</span> (n): the people accompanying a monarch or other high-ranking person.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">demense</span> (n): the best land in a fiefdom, which the lord reserved for himself.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">entailed property</span> (n): land that can be inherited by a lord's descendants, but not sold.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">estate</span> (n): one of three social classes (nobility, clergy and ordinary people) into which people were born and remained for life.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">fallow land</span> (n): agricultural land that is not currently in use.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">fiefdom</span> (n): the area of land possessed by a nobleman in exchange for feudal service to the lord.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">holding</span> (n): an area of land given to a peasant in exchange for taxes or labour.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">knight</span> (n): a trained warrior who gave military service to a king or feudal lord during the Middle Ages.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">manorial rents</span> (n): income received by a lord from the peasants living on his land in the form of rent and taxes.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">nobility</span> (n): a privileged social class whose titles are inherited or given by royal decree.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">non-privileged</span> (adj): the class of people in the medieval period who were forced to work to support the privileged classes. They were composed of peasants and artisans.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">parishioner</span> (n): someone who lives in a parish, a neighbourhood assigned to a church.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">peasant</span> (n): a person who worked on the land, had very little money and a low social position.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">privileged</span> (adj): the class of people who owned the land and did not work or pay taxes during the Middle Ages. They were composed of the nobility and clergy.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">royal insignia</span> (n): symbols of a monarch's power, for example, the crown and the sceptre.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">tournament</span> (n): an event in which groups of knights fought for a prize.</p><div class="acenter w650 shadow" style="background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 15px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; width: 650px;"></div></div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-54324264662142497692020-11-14T11:39:00.007+01:002023-03-29T10:15:57.271+02:00Diseñamos un póster sobre la Europa Feudal<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL38MLTWS1FKZPwnZkTKirZRTud4hyGrxZ-SFajSxL0YEnPyPQZg7-9vvWpaHwTYB4ZC_sW2_ZTOvXqI-0ZjXfbiNmoQ3kGFZWZMR8pa2e5l36djGxBic7tW7dT0OiggABcLlQFz5BcBU/s2048/P%25C3%25B3ster+Cient%25C3%25ADfico+Azul+Moderno+%25281%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL38MLTWS1FKZPwnZkTKirZRTud4hyGrxZ-SFajSxL0YEnPyPQZg7-9vvWpaHwTYB4ZC_sW2_ZTOvXqI-0ZjXfbiNmoQ3kGFZWZMR8pa2e5l36djGxBic7tW7dT0OiggABcLlQFz5BcBU/w452-h640/P%25C3%25B3ster+Cient%25C3%25ADfico+Azul+Moderno+%25281%2529.jpg" width="452" /></a></div><p>Vamos a diseñar un mural o póster sobre algunos aspectos de la Europa Feudal, y no lo vamos a hacer en una cartulina, sino con alguna herramienta digital:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://www.canva.com/" target="_blank">canva</a> </li><li><a href="https://www.mural.co/" target="_blank">mural</a></li><li><a href="https://edu.glogster.com/" target="_blank">glogster </a></li></ul><div>Primero explicaremos su funcionamiento en clase, para que conozcáis lo básico. Yo he utilizado Canva, aunque también os dejo enlaces a tutoriales de todas, por si se os pasa algo.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Tutorial canva </li></ul><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kdE6ZmT_5MI" width="320" youtube-src-id="kdE6ZmT_5MI"></iframe><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Tutorial mural</li></ul><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vWeEKomSSPo" width="320" youtube-src-id="vWeEKomSSPo"></iframe><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Tutorial glogster</li></ul><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jgCUC8K6BDI" width="320" youtube-src-id="jgCUC8K6BDI"></iframe><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div>Los temas sobre los que vamos a realizar nuestro mural son los siguientes:</div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Los nobles: caballeros y damas</li><li>La vida en un castillo medieval</li><li>Los caballeros medievales y los torneos</li><li>La vida en un monasterio medieval</li><li>Los campesinos feudales: libres y siervos</li><li>El nacimiento del románico y su expansión</li><li>La cultura en la época del románico</li><li>La arquitectura románica</li><li>La pintura románica</li><li>La escultura románica</li></ol><div style="text-align: justify;">Se trata de hacer un mural, con un diseño atractivo, que contenga imágenes (en canva hay muchas gratuitas y de temática variada) y explicaciones sobre los temas propuestos (usad vuestro libro de texto y la web). En las aplicaciones se puede trabajar individualmente o se pueden crear equipos colaborativos. El mural debe incluir también el nombre de quién lo ha realizado. Una vez hecho descargáis el archivo y ya está listo para entregarlo o compartirlo. </div></div><p></p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-21354306383165385672020-10-22T13:37:00.008+02:002020-10-24T18:45:16.355+02:00Al-Andalus: videos, summary and glossary<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zIc2bOUZBtM" width="560"></iframe>
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D0bXfVg1Xjw" width="560"></iframe>
<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px;">The expansion of Islam</span></p><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Between the 7<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> and 9<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> centuries, Muslims in the name of the new Islamic religion, conquered a great empire, which stretched from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The Islamic Empire was ruled by a Caliph, who was helped by a number of officials.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px;">The evolution of Al-Andalus</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The conquest of Hispania happened quickly (711–718) because the Muslims took advantage of disputes between the Visigothic nobility and signed pacts of surrender with them.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Al-Andalus became a dependent emirate of Damascus (718–756) and established its capital in Córdoba. Abd al-Rahman I of the Umayya dynasty created the independent emirate (756–929).</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Abd al-Rahman III broke his religious obedience to the caliph of Bagdad and proclaimed the Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031), which was the golden age of Al-Andalus.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The division into taifas (1031–1248) weakened Al-Andalus, which was almost conquered by the Christian kingdoms in the north of the Peninsula. Only the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (1248–1492) survived.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px;">A prosperous civilisation</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Agricultural prosperity facilitated a high population density, the development of trade and the emergence of new cities.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Cities developed due to their economic dynamism based on commercial and artisan activities.</p></li></ul><h4 style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: encode_sans_condensed_semibold; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 20px;">Science, culture and art</h4><ul class="square color" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style: none square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">Al-Andalus was one of the most important cultural centres in medieval Europe, thanks to scientific and artistic developments and the promoting of education.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;">The grandeur of its buildings and their rich ornamentation made <em style="font-weight: inherit;">andalusí</em> architecture one of the most important styles of the medieval Muslim world.</p></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: lato_regular;"><b>GLOSSARY</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: lato_regular;"><br /></span></div><div><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">alquería</span> (n): a small rural community in Al-Andalus, usually on irrigated land.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Arab</span> (n): a person originating from the Arabian Peninsula.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><b>besiege:</b> attack</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Berbers</span> (n): a people indigenous to North Africa, many of whom migrated to the Iberian Peninsula during the time of Al-Andalus.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">caliph</span> (n): a Muslim ruler with complete political and religious authority.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><b>clash:</b> confrontation</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">emir</span> (n): a Muslim (usually Arab) leader or military commander.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">fortress</span> (n): a large fortified building or group of buildings, often including a town.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">golden age</span> (n): a time of wealth and achievement for a region.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">irrigation</span> (n): supplying land with water by artificial means, for example, with ditches and canals.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">hachib</span> (n): the prime minister of Al-Andalus who helped the caliph govern.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Islam</span> (n): the monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad in the 7<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">medina</span> (n): the old Arab quarter of a city.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">mosque</span> (n): the religious building where the Muslim community goes to worship.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Mozarab</span> (n): a Christian in Al-Andalus who was permitted to practise his or her religion.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Muladi</span> (n): Hispano-Visigoths who converted to Islam, spoke Arabic and accepted local customs.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">noria</span> (n): a machine consisting of a circular chain of buckets, used for raising water from a river.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><b>seize:</b> take (by force)</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">souk</span> (n): an Arab marketplace.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">taifa</span> (n): the name of the Muslim kingdoms that formed when Al-Andalus was divided up.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">vizier</span> (n): a government minister of Al-Andalus.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">water wheel</span> (n): a large wheel used to lift water from a river for irrigation.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">well</span> (n) a hole in the ground from which you can get water.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1D8YAQNNd66buH-GxUcexBDwVs39hzlAa3hJEg2IB8IBZjK0rn3CI5YiBK8q1kiTjgUD0mcILB2nvYQoGowJZ2bGT_JRvnFOULb2Bluroxd8VOt9anzi0JNVMevErOrOXhInWi8mjZto/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1D8YAQNNd66buH-GxUcexBDwVs39hzlAa3hJEg2IB8IBZjK0rn3CI5YiBK8q1kiTjgUD0mcILB2nvYQoGowJZ2bGT_JRvnFOULb2Bluroxd8VOt9anzi0JNVMevErOrOXhInWi8mjZto/w640-h360/image.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An alquería. Vicens-Vives</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjDYehiWMQD1IU4Ym68r4ZQZ-4Hl_BYkebd-XYSqN149uSqPr3L5y0Gdz2gzNgKF02qBEKettXuVXE0Lokj83IGjIOxtD-N0WFmZmcuA-3h70Bh2TVavoyRnC5SJ3KPWUEeo8E95Q_V7E/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjDYehiWMQD1IU4Ym68r4ZQZ-4Hl_BYkebd-XYSqN149uSqPr3L5y0Gdz2gzNgKF02qBEKettXuVXE0Lokj83IGjIOxtD-N0WFmZmcuA-3h70Bh2TVavoyRnC5SJ3KPWUEeo8E95Q_V7E/w640-h360/image.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An Islamic City. Vicens-Vives</td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><br /><p></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><br /><br /></p></div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-13657111805594220372020-10-06T18:40:00.004+02:002021-11-15T20:38:58.079+01:00La Revolución Industrial<p style="text-align: justify;">1 ¿QUÉ ES?</p><p style="text-align: justify;">La <span class="inline_title">Revolución Industrial</span>, es el proceso de evolución que
conduce a una sociedad desde una economía agrícola tradicional hasta otra
caracterizada por procesos de producción mecanizados para fabricar
bienes a gran escala. Este proceso se produce en distintas épocas dependiendo de
cada país. Para los historiadores, el término Revolución Industrial es utilizado
exclusivamente para comentar los cambios producidos en Inglaterra desde finales
del siglo XVIII; para referirse a su expansión hacia otros países se refieren a
la industrialización o desarrollo industrial de los mismos.</p><div class="title" style="text-align: justify;">Algunos autores para referirse al desarrollo
capitalista en el último tercio del siglo XX, con nuevas organizaciones
empresariales (<i>trusts, holdings,</i> cárteles), nuevas fuentes energéticas
(electricidad, petróleo) y nuevos sistemas de financiación hablan de Segunda
Revolución Industrial.</div><p id="p2" secprefix="1." sect="1"><span class="breakfloat"></span></p><table class="section_hdr" style="text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="section_prefix" valign="bottom">2</td>
<td style="width: 3.75pt;"></td>
<td class="section_title" valign="bottom">LA EXPERIENCIA
BRITÁNICA</td></tr></tbody></table><p id="p3" secprefix="2." sect="2" style="text-align: justify;">La primera Revolución Industrial tuvo lugar en
Reino Unido a finales del siglo XVIII; supuso una profunda transformación en la
economía y sociedad británicas. Los factores causantes podemos encontrarlos en:</p><p id="p3" secprefix="2." sect="2"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="text-align: justify;">La revolución agrícola (sistema Norfolk, nuevos cultivos, nuevas herramientas, abonos, leyes de cercamiento...): proporcionó excedentes.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Explosión demográfica: Se redujo la mortalidad (higiene, alimentación, avances médicos...), la población creció, aumentando la demanda y proporcionando mano de obra a la industria.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Aparición de nuevas fuentes de energía (hidráulica, carbón...) y máquinas (máquina de vapor, Watt 1769) <a href="http://sosiales.blogspot.com/2010/11/evolucion-de-la-maquina-de-vapor-y.html">http://sosiales.blogspot.com/2010/11/evolucion-de-la-maquina-de-vapor-y.html</a></li><li style="text-align: justify;">Mejoras en los transportes, no solo la red de caminos, canales y puertos, sino más tarde el barco de vapor y la red ferroviaria.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Impulso del mercado: gracias a la demanda y los transportes, podían distribuirse por los mercados coloniales e interiores.</li></ul><p></p><p id="p3" secprefix="2." sect="2" style="text-align: justify;">Los cambios más inmediatos se produjeron en los
procesos de producción: qué, cómo y dónde se producía. El trabajo se trasladó de
la fabricación de productos primarios a la de bienes manufacturados y servicios.
El número de productos manufacturados creció de forma espectacular gracias al
aumento de la eficacia técnica. En parte, el crecimiento de la productividad se
produjo por la aplicación sistemática de nuevos conocimientos tecnológicos y
gracias a una mayor experiencia productiva, que también favoreció la creación de
grandes empresas en unas áreas geográficas reducidas. Así, la Revolución
Industrial tuvo como consecuencia una mayor urbanización y, por tanto, procesos
migratorios desde las zonas rurales a las zonas urbanas.<span class="breakfloat"></span></p><p id="p4" secprefix="2." sect="2" style="text-align: justify;">Se puede afirmar que los cambios más
importantes afectaron a la organización del <b>proceso productivo</b>, que podemos llamar sistema fabril. Las fábricas
aumentaron en tamaño y modificaron su estructura organizativa. En general, la
producción empezó a realizarse en grandes empresas o fábricas en vez de pequeños
talleres domésticos y artesanales, y aumentó la especialización laboral. Su
desarrollo dependía de una utilización intensiva del capital y de las fábricas y
maquinarias destinadas a aumentar la eficiencia productiva. La aparición de
nuevas máquinas y herramientas de trabajo especializadas permitió que los
trabajadores produjeran más bienes que antes y que la experiencia adquirida
utilizando una máquina o herramienta aumentara la productividad y la tendencia
hacia una mayor especialización en un proceso acumulativo.<span class="breakfloat"></span></p><p id="p4" secprefix="2." sect="2" style="text-align: justify;">Lo dicho anteriormente se aplicó primeramente a la <b>industria textil</b>, con una nueva materia prima: el algodón, y un mecanización constante, primero del tejido (lanzadera volante) y luego del hilado (spinning Jenny, water frame, mule Jenny a vapor), hasta inventarse el telar mecánico por Cartwright en 1786.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qyNWf8OW9rY" width="320" youtube-src-id="qyNWf8OW9rY"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zyoSvaPjcuc" width="320" youtube-src-id="zyoSvaPjcuc"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UDuq3QuI-BI" width="320" youtube-src-id="UDuq3QuI-BI"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p id="p4" secprefix="2." sect="2" style="text-align: justify;">Esta industria arrastró a su vez a otros sectores, como el químico (tintes, blanqueantes...) y el siderometalúrgico (máquinas).</p><p id="p4" secprefix="2." sect="2" style="text-align: justify;">La demanda de máquinas, la construcción, y finalmente el ferrocarril (1829), hicieron que el <b>sector siderúrgico</b> fuera otro de los más innovadores y desarrollados. La innovación se produjo primero en el combustible (carbón de coque, Darby 1709) y luego en la técnica de producción del hierro forjado mediante el pudelado y laminado (Cort, 1783), hasta la aplicación en 1856 del convertidor Bessemer para la producción de acero.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bR5cKG5guOM" width="320" youtube-src-id="bR5cKG5guOM"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bgKFCk2a_PU" width="320" youtube-src-id="bgKFCk2a_PU"></iframe></div><p></p><table class="section_hdr" style="text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="section_prefix" valign="bottom">3</td>
<td style="width: 3.75pt;"></td>
<td class="section_title" valign="bottom">LA EXPANSIÓN DEL PROCESO
INDUSTRIALIZADOR</td></tr></tbody></table><p id="p7" secprefix="3." sect="3" style="text-align: justify;">Gran Bretaña no fue el único país que
experimentó una Revolución Industrial. Los estudiosos parecen estar de acuerdo en que en Europa, Francia, Bélgica y Alemania experimentaron procesos parecidos a mediados del siglo XIX; EE. UU. y Japón se industrializaron también en el mundo extraeuropeo. Otras regiones europeas como España, Italia o el Este de Europa se industrializaron de forma incompleta y más tardíamente.<span class="breakfloat"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;">4 ¿MEJORÓ LA INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN LAS CONDICIONES DE VIDA?</div><p id="p9" secprefix="3." sect="3" style="text-align: justify;">La mayor especialización y la aplicación de bienes de capital a la producción industrial <b>creó nuevas clases sociales</b> en función de quien contratara y tuviera la propiedad sobre los medios de producción. El papel de individuos propietarios de los medios de producción o empresarios le correspondió a la burguesía. Cuando invierten capital en una empresa sin participar directamente en ella se denominan capitalistas. Aquellos que no poseían los medios de producción y aportaban su trabajo, conformaban el proletariado industrial.</p><p id="p9" secprefix="3." sect="3" style="text-align: justify;">Por definición, la industrialización aumenta la
renta per cápita nacional. También implica cambios en la distribución de la
misma, en las condiciones de vida y laborales y en los valores sociales. La
Revolución Industrial supuso, al principio, una reducción del poder adquisitivo
de los trabajadores y una pérdida de calidad en su nivel de vida. Más tarde, se
tradujo en un aumento de la calidad de vida de toda la población del país
industrializado. Estos aspectos siguen siendo objeto de importantes trabajos de
investigación.<span class="breakfloat"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AfZk1LyR0Ng" width="320" youtube-src-id="AfZk1LyR0Ng"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/H8dUJWQc0SU" width="320" youtube-src-id="H8dUJWQc0SU"></iframe></div><p id="p9" secprefix="3." sect="3" style="text-align: justify;">5 UN NUEVO SISTEMA ECONÓMICO</p><p id="p9" secprefix="3." sect="3" style="text-align: justify;">El proceso industrializador estuvo íntimamente ligado a una nueva doctrina económica, el liberalismo, y dio lugar a una nuevo sistema económico: el capitalismo.</p><p id="p9" secprefix="3." sect="3" style="text-align: justify;">El <b>liberalismo</b> propugnaba que:</p><p id="p9" secprefix="3." sect="3" style="text-align: justify;"></p><ul><li>El interés particular es el motor del desarrollo</li><li>El equilibrio de intereses contrapuestos mediante la ley de la oferta y la demanda (la "mano invisible" que regula precios, oferta, demanda...)</li><li>La libre competencia de las empresas</li><li>La no intervención del Estado</li><li>Librecambio o libre comercio: las mercancías deben circular libremente entre países, sin aranceles proteccionistas</li></ul><div>Así, en el <b>sistema capitalista</b> podemos ver el siguiente funcionamiento:</div><div><ul><li>Propiedad privada de los medios de producción, en manos de la burguesía capitalista</li><li>El trabajo lo aportan los jornaleros asalariados (proletariado)</li><li>Libre iniciativa, buscando el máximo beneficio, sin intervención del Estado</li><li>Existencia de crisis periódicas por los desajustes entre oferta y demanda</li></ul></div><p></p><div class="footerDiv" paratype="Footer" style="clear: both; line-height: 15pt;"></div><p>
</p><div class="copyright">ENLACES:</div><div class="copyright"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://didacta-sociales.blogspot.com/p/tema-4-la-revolucion-industrial.html">https://didacta-sociales.blogspot.com/p/tema-4-la-revolucion-industrial.html</a></li><li><a href="http://www.claseshistoria.com/general/ejercicios/revolucionindustrial/test1.htm">http://www.claseshistoria.com/general/ejercicios/revolucionindustrial/test1.htm</a></li><li><a href="http://www.claseshistoria.com/general/ejercicios/revolucionindustrial/emparejar1.htm">http://www.claseshistoria.com/general/ejercicios/revolucionindustrial/emparejar1.htm</a></li><li><a href="http://www.claseshistoria.com/revolucionindustrial/esquema.htm">http://www.claseshistoria.com/revolucionindustrial/esquema.htm</a></li></ul></div><p><br /></p>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-1403054465834854512020-09-30T17:28:00.002+02:002021-10-19T16:42:06.552+02:00La fragmentación del mundo antiguo: resumen y vocabulario en inglés y documentales<h2 style="background-color: #fafafa; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi10XUBWuCJNnoND3qD0rJue5ty-arepBfJPcxps063cDvgJu3C4HIGFTvQHzz5ItcnbGyOcAGNxvLtOCbg-COzTAwNyj0z5T_zqNTui0PRXyeJA8BlTQClRTGD3AKmi_Pi9Lc8RU37Lww/s751/GERMANIC.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="751" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi10XUBWuCJNnoND3qD0rJue5ty-arepBfJPcxps063cDvgJu3C4HIGFTvQHzz5ItcnbGyOcAGNxvLtOCbg-COzTAwNyj0z5T_zqNTui0PRXyeJA8BlTQClRTGD3AKmi_Pi9Lc8RU37Lww/s320/GERMANIC.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>FRAGMENTATION OF THE ANCIENT WORLD</h2><p start=" 00:06 " style="background-color: #fafafa; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span class="colorSociales">At the beginning of the Middle Ages, there were three great civilisations occupying the lands of the ancient Roman Empire.</span></p><p start=" 00:06 " style="background-color: #fafafa; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span class="colorSociales"></span></p><span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Germanic tribes</b> conquered the Western Roman Empire from the 5<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century. In the west, many Germanic kingdoms were established that eventually adopted Roman traditions and the Christian religion. Cities declined after the fall of the Roman Empire, and people moved to the countryside to work the land.</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;">Many peasants became serfs by entrusting themselves to a lord in return for protection. </span><span style="background-color: #fafafa; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;">This was the beginning of feudal Europe.</span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_regular;"><br /></span></div><p start=" 00:14 " style="background-color: #fafafa; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;"><span class="colorSociales" style="background-color: transparent;">Eastern Empire,<b> Byzantium</b>, survived, and after the fall of Rome, the imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople.</span>The Eastern Roman Empire became Hellenised. It was called Byzantium and established its capital in Constantinople.</p><p start=" 00:14 " style="background-color: #fafafa; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">Finally, a new religion called <b>Islam</b> appeared in Arabia in the 7<sup style="font-size: 0.628em;">th</sup> century and spread throughout the south of the Mediterranean, the Iberian Peninsula and the Middle East.</p><h2 style="background-color: #fafafa; cursor: pointer; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE</h2><ul class="bullets color" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: none; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 18px; text-align: center;"><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">King Pepin the Younger of the Franks founded the Carolingian Empire.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">His son, Charlemagne, reunited most of the Western Roman Empire.</p></li><li style="font-family: latoregular; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><p style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;">Charlemagne began a cultural revival, establishing schools and reintroducing the teaching of Latin.</p></li></ul><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: lato_regular; font-size: small;">ISLAM</span></h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;">The word </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Islam</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;"> ('submission') includes all who profess the faith preached by Muhammad. A </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Muslim</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;"> ('believer') is a follower of Islam.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;">The teachings of Muhammad were collected in the </span><span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">Koran</span><span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;">, the holy book for Muslims, which is made up of 114 chapters called surahs. It contains the Islamic creed and defines </span><span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">religious obligations</span><span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px;">.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><img alt="" data-original-height="222" data-original-width="900" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Ovbu0RNxUhf6FKDSU6ErAs3hw6ZcHV1Iv0KtTyqNa5iN8VslU02MbrgAVBQ1ZjTrEh9AiEYD12iluX6oF0mnTG8c5Kyzy8kaS6VVPx6nyju0FWvs-kOwWQLf8DUr2h_f5P1Sw0o7O6o/w640-h158/image.png" width="640" /></h2><div><b><u>GLOSSARY</u></b></div><p></p><p><span style="color: #444444; font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Byzantium</span><span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; font-family: lato_regular;">(n): the Eastern Roman Empire, which was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the east during the Middle Ages.</span></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Catholicism</span> (n): the Christian Church under the authority of the Pope in Rome.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">count</span> (n): a high-ranking nobleman with extensive property and influence.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">crossroads</span>: where two roads cross</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">chieftain</span>: leader of a tribe</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">diocese</span> (n): an ecclesiastical district under the authority of a bishop.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">episcopal see</span> (n): the area of a bishop's jurisdiction; diocese.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">fast</span>: stop eating for a period of time</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">feudalism</span> (n): the social system of medieval Europe in which the nobility received land from the monarch in exchange for military service and loyalty.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">flee</span>: run away from</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Franks</span> (n): a Germanic people who ruled much of northern and western Europe from the 6<sup>th</sup> to the 9<sup>th</sup> centuries.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">gamble</span>: play a game of luck for money</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Herder</span>: someone who looks after a group of animals, e.g. sheep</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">kingdom</span> (n): a territory ruled over by a monarch.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">marquis</span> (n): a nobleman ranked above a count and below a duke.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">means</span>: resources; money</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">merchant</span> (n): someone who buys and sells products for profit.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">monotheism</span> (n): the belief that there is only one God.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Orthodox Christianity</span> (n): the eastern branch of the Church, created after the East-West Schism of 1054.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">pilgrimage</span> (n): a long journey to visit an important religious place.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">plot</span>: small piece of land</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">plunder</span>: take goods by force, for example, in a war</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">prayer</span> (n): communion with God.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">preach</span>: teach a doctrine or religion</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">prophet</span> (n): an intermediary between God and people. The founder of Islam, Muhammad, is known as the Prophet.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">self-sufficient</span> (adj): when a community produces everything it consumes.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">serf</span> (n): an agricultural labourer obliged to work on the land of a feudal lord.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">settle</span>: establish a home</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">tithe</span>: tax of 10 % of agricultural produce or income</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">tribe</span> (n): a group of people descended from a common ancestor and who share traditions and a common culture.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">vassal</span> (n): a nobleman who offers military and economic support to a king or lord in exchange for land.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold; font-weight: 700;">Visigoths</span> (n): a Germanic people who occupied the Iberian Peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire.</p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><b><u>DOCUMENTALES</u></b></p><p style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xfLKNyA750I" width="320" youtube-src-id="xfLKNyA750I"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8QzojxBgsso" width="320" youtube-src-id="8QzojxBgsso"></iframe></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gc-KIF2kFKs" width="320" youtube-src-id="gc-KIF2kFKs"></iframe></b></div><p></p></div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-25881867359121605352020-05-20T12:24:00.009+02:002020-10-18T12:05:47.905+02:00Investigamos un monumento: la Mezquita de Córdoba<div style="text-align: justify;">Vamos a conocer aspectos de la historia de la Edad Media peninsular a partir de un monumento: la mezquita de Córdoba. Para ello te propongo que te conviertas en turista y “visites” el monumento: veremos imágenes y vídeos, y una vez que la hayamos conocido, nos fascinará tanto que tendremos que conocer más cosas sobre el monumento: sus historia, su contexto, personajes… así que tendremos que investigar y poner por escrito nuestras conclusiones.</div><font color="#f57c00"><br /><u>-PASO 1: la visita</u></font><br />Observa las imágenes y visiona el vídeo.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia2TbrEk7BnjdBAF-TXNnXf2W0jYJ0qZ5BBqpgl_JBvM9zn0H7M4WWV0rZXTHvx3YxIntJAdvrdoxrdrlE-WcrXBBep52A78hAjXS4Xv8c6tDlJriRfoF0th2MIo6YkzM3BxJpo6oEzgE/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="1200" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia2TbrEk7BnjdBAF-TXNnXf2W0jYJ0qZ5BBqpgl_JBvM9zn0H7M4WWV0rZXTHvx3YxIntJAdvrdoxrdrlE-WcrXBBep52A78hAjXS4Xv8c6tDlJriRfoF0th2MIo6YkzM3BxJpo6oEzgE/w320-h191/1200px-Mezquita_de_C%25C3%25B3rdoba%252C_exterior_del_muro_de_la_quibla..jpg" title="Exteriores" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoAhp7dci_ik1y7bEK0UPo6cfknFp5HCNgbf2-p0IqfSo7yInAHhci4NWkooeCrYiDtYRzXRRiNT9IzUPvvAmyaivnDv8ChDE-4ji1axUHXMriAGx7p3LWkxPxIvPtjMp8Z8TbJwo3Mog/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="1170" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoAhp7dci_ik1y7bEK0UPo6cfknFp5HCNgbf2-p0IqfSo7yInAHhci4NWkooeCrYiDtYRzXRRiNT9IzUPvvAmyaivnDv8ChDE-4ji1axUHXMriAGx7p3LWkxPxIvPtjMp8Z8TbJwo3Mog/w320-h191/201905141326280000001557833188.0308.jpg" title="Interior" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJiXqlw9EVB6yQQbkEycSFtsdSQVx0MbZdthKUZn4iaQ-G9wu7Uvb7ILWwf2XGZ_eT1q-uA99aMHMfpOFhl8-mGG9T4PBI41l1DtS2PsJTTF576l_6cF8bqf48SPB3G4ExcVYBZOOGAx8/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="1080" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJiXqlw9EVB6yQQbkEycSFtsdSQVx0MbZdthKUZn4iaQ-G9wu7Uvb7ILWwf2XGZ_eT1q-uA99aMHMfpOFhl8-mGG9T4PBI41l1DtS2PsJTTF576l_6cF8bqf48SPB3G4ExcVYBZOOGAx8/w320-h200/C%25C3%25B3rdoba-Mezquita-06-1-1080x675.jpg" title="Quibla y mihrab" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqcsPE6RLRV3t9Ybrdlp16cPLhs8o3Qua6pYlYeqsRHGRwc2c0ZbNgyy9e0GFcP65LfsBc-XDHusjyjtNegOv5yQ7PU5YfVOWNqV01ZhYR2wXUMTTCL0voLOqY667K9LGUCRpUxG6YHlo/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="245" data-original-width="400" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqcsPE6RLRV3t9Ybrdlp16cPLhs8o3Qua6pYlYeqsRHGRwc2c0ZbNgyy9e0GFcP65LfsBc-XDHusjyjtNegOv5yQ7PU5YfVOWNqV01ZhYR2wXUMTTCL0voLOqY667K9LGUCRpUxG6YHlo/w320-h196/mezquita1.jpg" title="Patio de los naranjos" width="320" /></a></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/h6RBGuDnqmw" width="320" youtube-src-id="h6RBGuDnqmw"></iframe></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="text-align: center;">PLANO: </span><a href="https://www.artencordoba.com/mezquita-cordoba/plano-catedral-cristiana.html" style="text-align: center;">https://www.artencordoba.com/mezquita-cordoba/plano-catedral-cristiana.html</a></li></ul></div><div><font color="#f57c00"><u><br /></u></font></div><div><font color="#f57c00"><u>-PASO 2: la descripción</u></font></div><div><font color="#f57c00"><u><br /></u></font></div><div>Vamos a seguir los siguientes pasos para describir el monumento, como si hiciéramos una ficha:</div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Fecha o etapas de construcción</li><li>Lugar de construcción y emplazamiento</li><li>Materiales empleados</li><li>Forma de la planta o plano</li><li>Cómo son las cubiertas internas y externas del edificio</li><li>Decoración</li><li>Tipo de edificio y función</li></ol><div>Por si no sabes responder a alguna de estas preguntas, será necesario que te documentes. Aquí hay información sobre como describir una obra de arquitectura:</div></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="http://sosiales.blogspot.com/2013/03/guias-para-comentario-de-obras-de-arte.html">http://sosiales.blogspot.com/2013/03/guias-para-comentario-de-obras-de-arte.html</a></li><li><a href="http://agrega.juntadeandalucia.es/repositorio/29052017/6e/es-an_2017052912_9182206/41500979/vocabulario_islam.pdf">http://agrega.juntadeandalucia.es/repositorio/29052017/6e/es-an_2017052912_9182206/41500979/vocabulario_islam.pdf</a></li></ul><u style="color: #f57c00;">-PASO 3: la documentación e investigación</u></div><div>Dispones, aparte de tu libro de texto, de los siguientes enlaces para documentarte:</div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-%C3%81ndalus">https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-%C3%81ndalus</a></li><li><a href="https://www.artencordoba.com/mezquita-cordoba/plano-catedral-cristiana.html">https://www.artencordoba.com/mezquita-cordoba/plano-catedral-cristiana.html</a></li><li><a href="https://www.artehistoria.com/es/video/mezquita-de-c%C3%B3rdoba">https://www.artehistoria.com/es/video/mezquita-de-c%C3%B3rdoba</a></li><li><a href="https://www.artehistoria.com/es/video/la-mezquita-de-c%C3%B3rdoba">https://www.artehistoria.com/es/video/la-mezquita-de-c%C3%B3rdoba</a></li><li><a href="https://www.arteguias.com/catedral/cordoba.htm">https://www.arteguias.com/catedral/cordoba.htm</a></li><li><a href="http://www.historiasiglo20.org/HE/3b.htm">http://www.historiasiglo20.org/HE/3b.htm</a></li></ul><div><u style="color: #f57c00;">-PASO 4: las conclusiones</u></div></div><div> Con todo lo que hemos investigado, ya podemos responder a nuestras dudas:</div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>¿Cuándo llegaron los musulmanes a la Peninsula Ibérica? ¿Quién reinaba en ese momento en ella?</li><li>¿Qué etapas tiene la historia de al-Ándalus?</li><li>¿En qué periodo de al-Ándalus se inicia su construcción? ¿Quién gobernaba? </li><li>¿Qué modificaciones se producen en época del Califato? ¿Quiénes las mandaron realizar?</li><li>Haz una pequeña biografía sobre Abderramán III y sobre Almanzor</li><li>¿Qué hechos importantes ocurrieron en al-Ándalus durante esta etapa (Califato)?</li><li>Destaca los principales aspectos culturales y económicos de al-Ándalus en este periodo</li><li>¿Crees que los mozárabes harían uso de este monumento? ¿Por qué?</li><li>¿Qué reinos cristianos existían en ese momento en la Península Ibérica? </li><li>Explica brevemente qué fue la Reconquista y sus principales etapas y batallas hasta su conclusión</li><li>¿Por qué hay una catedral dentro de la mezquita? </li></ol></div><div><br /></div><div><font color="#f57c00"><u><br /></u></font></div></div><div id="gtx-trans" style="left: 422px; position: absolute; top: 1647.4px;"><div class="gtx-trans-icon"></div></div>José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-42974562101700332812020-04-12T19:06:00.001+02:002020-11-14T21:44:21.436+01:00Vocabulary about Prehistory<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><b>archaeological site </b>(n): a place where people lived in the past and where there are material remains. </li>
<li><b>burial</b> (n): the ceremony of putting a dead body in the ground. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxZObV0CUMf2dWBuTz8-L97OB_ETGV-MrwaPPNAbLN4Q6XHSEhtTj9bSLGEeOavnWbBrH-q-KDCo08y8iRhA9RBJNrqHXhIPgB0LIzA9UQcCTp7eQfnbNscvcTLVnFi_bhz01wGt7XN0/s1600/burial.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="328" data-original-width="500" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxZObV0CUMf2dWBuTz8-L97OB_ETGV-MrwaPPNAbLN4Q6XHSEhtTj9bSLGEeOavnWbBrH-q-KDCo08y8iRhA9RBJNrqHXhIPgB0LIzA9UQcCTp7eQfnbNscvcTLVnFi_bhz01wGt7XN0/s320/burial.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Burial</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li><b>cave art</b> (n): prehistoric paintings found on the walls and ceilings of caves. </li>
<li><b>dolmen</b> (n): a burial chamber made of large standing stones. </li>
<li><b>hominid</b> (n): a member of the family of mammals that includes humans and their primate ancestors. </li>
<li><b>Homo sapien</b> (n): the species of modern humans. </li>
<li><b>hunter-gatherer </b>(n): a prehistoric person who lived by hunting animals and gathering fruit and nuts. </li>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIP9mQuTAFx4cYGO7__SHJMilPv4BF8xzbSgZZ-5USKR2Sk6-2vjD8IuMBvZ6FtLBEsXWfYe6yqcEa8tcIjYfiTGwFe5HhLOOUHnZweYZ7zQxIXpiE-qS_ULfb0VyuncGzIeQzGVAdHVE/s1600/gathering.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="372" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIP9mQuTAFx4cYGO7__SHJMilPv4BF8xzbSgZZ-5USKR2Sk6-2vjD8IuMBvZ6FtLBEsXWfYe6yqcEa8tcIjYfiTGwFe5HhLOOUHnZweYZ7zQxIXpiE-qS_ULfb0VyuncGzIeQzGVAdHVE/s320/gathering.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gathering</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li><b>hunting</b> (n): the activity of catching and killing wild animals for food. </li>
<li><b>livestock</b> (n.): domesticated animals and birds, such as sheep or chickens, kept for food or trade. </li>
<li><b>megalith</b> (n): a large standing stone, or group of stones, placed by Prehistoric people as a monument. </li>
<li><b>metalworking </b>(n): the process of making objects out of metal. </li>
<li><b>nomad</b> (n): a member of a group of people with no permanent home, who travel from place to place looking for new sources of food or materia Is. </li>
<li><b>polishing</b> (n): the process of making the surface of hard materials smooth by rubbing. <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw_HMrfldpugvyAxoFLko-2jpM7JtH8_0-oE6AKAyyOkvwUTt57x_5tt3TVT3Azx1CAspyQGiocoMzoSWa8crUNlRAz_f3tNcUVrSxtGdKm7oQFmkP05gwNmrQSoMyyqr1_oIxS65M0dI/s1600/polishing.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="400" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw_HMrfldpugvyAxoFLko-2jpM7JtH8_0-oE6AKAyyOkvwUTt57x_5tt3TVT3Azx1CAspyQGiocoMzoSWa8crUNlRAz_f3tNcUVrSxtGdKm7oQFmkP05gwNmrQSoMyyqr1_oIxS65M0dI/s200/polishing.png" width="191" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Polishing stone</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li><b>pottery</b> (n): clay objects, such as pots and cups, used for storing or cooking food.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsjp-S86JIle8DJle8t7_RoDtDbDq_INyLx6ODaNJY8v0F7g9RTo58Un3uXfbG6j92KL3VwnfLIa0ST16E_qvrY9qn7As5stLN8xlUfuq-E_FxIoVzgd8pgr8u2z6iLEF0zlLZUFC22VI/s1600/pottery.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="507" data-original-width="800" height="126" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsjp-S86JIle8DJle8t7_RoDtDbDq_INyLx6ODaNJY8v0F7g9RTo58Un3uXfbG6j92KL3VwnfLIa0ST16E_qvrY9qn7As5stLN8xlUfuq-E_FxIoVzgd8pgr8u2z6iLEF0zlLZUFC22VI/s200/pottery.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Neolithic pottery</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li><b>predator</b> (n): an animal (or person) who hunts, kills and eats other animals. </li>
<li><b>Prehistory </b>(n): the time before the invention of writing. </li>
<li><b>settlement</b> (n): a small group of houses. <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOuUkvkJ7kApNC-SMIaTWs7fuODbWiFm9Hx9_PwQBihVd7YasVu9KuClkb9noNegbc4ZdcRCDP68S8m2nEy3HaGoYyJWdYDUf6kvSRzwZzS5dsXjZ7OzuABOY55k-JtG8zLojVwsZr0vU/s1600/Settlement.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1279" data-original-width="1600" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOuUkvkJ7kApNC-SMIaTWs7fuODbWiFm9Hx9_PwQBihVd7YasVu9KuClkb9noNegbc4ZdcRCDP68S8m2nEy3HaGoYyJWdYDUf6kvSRzwZzS5dsXjZ7OzuABOY55k-JtG8zLojVwsZr0vU/s200/Settlement.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Neolithic settlement</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li><b>smelting</b> (n): the process of using fire to extract metal from rock. <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi58Yqhl9VZDLnhb8l2uiBvQACPr9xOrETkG1JkCvuU4-SIE_SyaUWjUZ029JLG2wm1ewKi5Ci2EsvZfEJhCDrIGQgSCgCXwYn57xOX1G5iN2nuIixtOfdU5fuKupIK8uFzzl9KvGumEA4/s1600/smelting.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="233" data-original-width="320" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi58Yqhl9VZDLnhb8l2uiBvQACPr9xOrETkG1JkCvuU4-SIE_SyaUWjUZ029JLG2wm1ewKi5Ci2EsvZfEJhCDrIGQgSCgCXwYn57xOX1G5iN2nuIixtOfdU5fuKupIK8uFzzl9KvGumEA4/s200/smelting.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Smelting metal</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
<li><b>stone circle</b> (n): a group of upright stones and horizontal slabs arranged in a circle. </li>
<li><b>tomb</b> (n): where someone is buried, either in the ground or in a chamber. </li>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<li><b>tool</b> (n): an object made or used to perform a specific task. </li>
</ul>
</div>
José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-85132857525125631732020-02-11T18:52:00.000+01:002020-02-11T19:12:52.418+01:00Día Internacional de la Mujer y la Niña en la Ciencia 2020<div style="text-align: justify;">
En 2015 la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas proclamó el 11 de febrero “Día Internacional de la Mujer y la Niña en la Ciencia” con el propósito de animar a incrementar la presencia femenina en los ámbitos científicos y tecnológicos.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Desde el MAN quieren animarte a conocer la Arqueología a través de unos sencillos dibujos que te explicarán algunos de los muchos campos de estudio que forman parte de lo que hoy es esta ciencia.</div>
<div class="ta-justify" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"><u><b><span style="color: red;">HAZ CLICK EN LA IMAGEN PARA VER EL CUADERNILLO</span></b></u></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.man.es/dam/jcr:0281dcd6-60a2-4180-97e0-ab1adf8d56e7/arqueologas-dibujando-pasado.pdf" style="background-color: white; font-size: 12.8px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #504a41; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="931" data-original-width="1255" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSfnA_Z_zwdQL_wI7Hc4E2XcTVF4FAhud-bK03pBfW78yjrsBy6X_D6WXlYzl8SzVsNGtgzZhwwEBn-JeG8vgLTGW1iYCYxeyCRF3ApKUW2phFsjKVZLsig8NpGaLd_SRgvTOWhCz2FuI/s400/dia-mujer-ciencia.jpg.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #504a41; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12.8px;"><br /></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Además os animo a que os leáis el libro <i>Las damas del laboratorio </i>de María José Casado, que podéis descargar en el siguiente enlace (proporcionado por la página lectulandia):</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.beeupload.net/file/7UtRC2K9/fftbtbfffo21189/"><img border="0" data-original-height="1505" data-original-width="970" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi71-yYw-DyKMPY49a_RHf1oZ_d9DgCkgekC4O7NV-bQWF9KxW1i3OkW-bpQ6rv3QlYayAYZjizRQjYXEfRtu-6MAcwKcnazU74zNYyKJC0Tzu28DnsxfuZ69sRAeD926WvFa4vVFiJxWY/s400/ddlab.jpg" width="257" /></a></div>
</div>
José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-67275807969566557532020-02-02T18:13:00.000+01:002020-02-02T18:13:13.947+01:00Los paisajes agrarios de España<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_wec0ihTLA-kMoiU8Owlgez61Wv2F1dThJqKKR8U6rawDcor0Pd35mMeVbC_y9SnmKWtWSIvq5myQnQexvQg0F5Zs3JSuPmb_uCdtBNmOPEea_vHv-9pA_I7SyQekVJeDmrb5Pzyf0Y0/s1600/olivar+jaen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="638" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_wec0ihTLA-kMoiU8Owlgez61Wv2F1dThJqKKR8U6rawDcor0Pd35mMeVbC_y9SnmKWtWSIvq5myQnQexvQg0F5Zs3JSuPmb_uCdtBNmOPEea_vHv-9pA_I7SyQekVJeDmrb5Pzyf0Y0/s400/olivar+jaen.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Olivares en Jaén.. Fuente: Slideshare.com</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwxr6bDHFTP4Z8v_ewV38VJbjG4l3LDeYL4uz3mz-vEbvDFm_RHhKuuzmr9wcrk_1-uSAUNDpVgc4tnO0ZDjvvtX3MMbNMqTU5PPn0Yo6wy6Ot3GvTny_tv7hJ_eydAomhzIi9iE0Z-HU/s1600/pac-cereal.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="1024" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwxr6bDHFTP4Z8v_ewV38VJbjG4l3LDeYL4uz3mz-vEbvDFm_RHhKuuzmr9wcrk_1-uSAUNDpVgc4tnO0ZDjvvtX3MMbNMqTU5PPn0Yo6wy6Ot3GvTny_tv7hJ_eydAomhzIi9iE0Z-HU/s400/pac-cereal.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Campo manchego. Fuente: Eldiario.es</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7AGpx7kFlxSFsOsVMWNXEGoVOaNRcy1uQp4E7NNR1uf0RNdHVsWWCxwr1n0WIzA2z3B1HMysfDM5vtDu5L5WkMTrPSM2-ehm9q4h9Iv5KCC1TbuWs-1OpXfHFP4ofngzShlSN-EL7vOg/s1600/Pastos+gallegos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="660" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7AGpx7kFlxSFsOsVMWNXEGoVOaNRcy1uQp4E7NNR1uf0RNdHVsWWCxwr1n0WIzA2z3B1HMysfDM5vtDu5L5WkMTrPSM2-ehm9q4h9Iv5KCC1TbuWs-1OpXfHFP4ofngzShlSN-EL7vOg/s400/Pastos+gallegos.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Campos en Galicia. Fuente: campogalego.com</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi64zA1wu0AXvWW87vqpOsmMNl0wXJQU68Z8Si3OKr8MpaGXVCQObIvG8rB_9CwI01c0QsWh1EMzb4mouvZM4UdBtJkjZ0cLNxDGQDYUNrY2uTxcBkxQcC0GVI-BIfDb8UE2pSjV0ZXjk/s1600/Berja.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="512" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi64zA1wu0AXvWW87vqpOsmMNl0wXJQU68Z8Si3OKr8MpaGXVCQObIvG8rB_9CwI01c0QsWh1EMzb4mouvZM4UdBtJkjZ0cLNxDGQDYUNrY2uTxcBkxQcC0GVI-BIfDb8UE2pSjV0ZXjk/s400/Berja.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Campo de Berja. Fuente: AGE</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBNcvZ-3HgsSkw52Ef7URy43UGhUjGtqVMQ-3gR-J93C56sGJKfsnW5vk0TRxrRYpo0lKO49O7q-TkHBgNMxkpHhWBFbTa8oSVZxHmojPA3fOfaKmf2Kf9VyEOqdwPJf1gBdOAcd4B15c/s1600/thriller1-kU6F-U80273314309ruB-624x385%2540El+Correo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="624" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBNcvZ-3HgsSkw52Ef7URy43UGhUjGtqVMQ-3gR-J93C56sGJKfsnW5vk0TRxrRYpo0lKO49O7q-TkHBgNMxkpHhWBFbTa8oSVZxHmojPA3fOfaKmf2Kf9VyEOqdwPJf1gBdOAcd4B15c/s400/thriller1-kU6F-U80273314309ruB-624x385%2540El+Correo.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Viñedos en La Rioja. Fuente: elcorreo.com</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: justify;">
Para analizar un paisaje agrario hay que observar los factores físicos y humanos que lo condicionan y los diversos elementos que lo caracterizan.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #444444; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Utiliza una de las siguientes fotografías y sigue estas pautas para analizarlo:</div>
<ul class="numbers colorValores" style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px !important; text-align: center;">
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
<strong style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold;"><span class="colorValores" style="color: #7c3d9e;">Localización del paisaje agrario</span></strong></div>
<ul class="bullets colorValores" style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px !important;">
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
Identifica el municipio, comarca, región, país.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="background-color: white; color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
<strong style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold;"><span class="colorValores" style="color: #7c3d9e;">Análisis de los elementos que aparecen</span></strong></div>
<ul class="bullets colorValores" style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px !important;">
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
Factores físicos: formas del relieve, clima, tipo de suelo.</div>
</li>
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
Tipo de poblamiento: concentrado o disperso, características de las edificaciones.</div>
</li>
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="background-color: white; color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
Aspectos agrícolas:</div>
<ul class="dash colorValores" style="list-style-type: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px !important;">
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Tipo de cultivo predominante (herbáceo, arbustivo o arbóreo).</div>
</li>
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Tipo de parcela (forma, dimensiones y límites).</div>
</li>
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Variedad de cultivos (monocultivo o policultivo).</div>
</li>
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Sistema de cultivo (secano o regadío).</div>
</li>
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="background-color: white; color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Aprovechamiento del suelo (intensivo o extensivo) y g</div>
rado de tecnificación (presencia o ausencia de maquinaria o tecnología).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
Aspectos ganaderos:</div>
<ul class="dash colorValores" style="list-style-type: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px !important;">
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Tipo de ganadería que se vea o que pueda darse: ovina, bovina, porcina, avícola…</div>
</li>
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Aprovechamiento de la ganadería: intensivo o extensivo.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
Explotación forestal:</div>
<ul class="dash colorValores" style="list-style-type: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px !important;">
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Aprovechamiento del bosque si lo hubiera.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
Otros elementos a destacar:</div>
<ul class="dash colorValores" style="list-style-type: none !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px !important;">
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Medios de comunicación: caminos, carreteras, autopistas, ferrocarril…</div>
</li>
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; display: inline; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;">
Presencia de otras actividades: industriales, turísticas, comerciales…</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="background-color: white; color: #7c3d9e; font-family: latoregular; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
<strong style="font-family: lato_black, lato_bold;"><span class="colorValores" style="color: #7c3d9e;">Elaboración de conclusiones</span></strong></div>
<ul class="bullets colorValores" style="list-style-image: none; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px !important;">
<li style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 15px;"><div style="color: black; cursor: default; font-family: lato_regular; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px; text-align: left;">
Una vez analizados los distintos elementos que configuran el paisaje, describe con la ayuda de tu libro de texto de qué tipo de paisaje agrario se trata y sus características generales.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-89842888423320716422019-06-04T22:55:00.000+02:002019-06-05T18:10:50.838+02:00Cine e Historia: Hotel Rwanda<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYgqrmke4GTTkEVxvxxKLnR-gXkD4pMBof-RQL-h3WcdpLM4o3Z0SbTHNi9GXRIfMiWfYfYP-zXoxL9aei_2c2LOmattOwEp8qUK6Jgb35_le_lFcZDuS5ON7GFgu4wfVn4W9HtAvpUc/s1600/hotel-rwanda-terry-george-guerra-civil-rwanda-dvd-D_NQ_NP_963476-MLA27510495959_062018-F.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="916" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYgqrmke4GTTkEVxvxxKLnR-gXkD4pMBof-RQL-h3WcdpLM4o3Z0SbTHNi9GXRIfMiWfYfYP-zXoxL9aei_2c2LOmattOwEp8qUK6Jgb35_le_lFcZDuS5ON7GFgu4wfVn4W9HtAvpUc/s400/hotel-rwanda-terry-george-guerra-civil-rwanda-dvd-D_NQ_NP_963476-MLA27510495959_062018-F.jpg" width="305" /></a></div>
<ul>
<li><b>FICHA TÉCNICA:</b></li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Título original</dt>
<dd style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;">Hotel Rwanda</dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Año</dt>
<dd itemprop="datePublished" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;">2004</dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Duración</dt>
<dd itemprop="duration" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;">110 min.</dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">País</dt>
<dd style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;"><span id="country-img"><img alt="Reino Unido" src="https://www.filmaffinity.com/imgs/countries/GB.jpg" style="border-style: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Reino Unido" /></span> Reino Unido</dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Dirección</dt>
<dd class="directors" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;"><span class="director" itemprop="director" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=director&sn&stext=Terry%20George" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Terry George"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Terry George</span></a></span></dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Guion</dt>
<dd style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;"><div class="credits">
<span class="nb" style="display: inline-block;">Terry George,</span> <span class="nb" style="display: inline-block;">Keir Pearson</span></div>
</dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Música</dt>
<dd style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;"><div class="credits">
<span class="nb" style="display: inline-block;">Rupert Gregson-Williams,</span> <span class="nb" style="display: inline-block;">Andrea Guerra,</span> <span class="nb" style="display: inline-block;">Afro Celt Sound System</span></div>
</dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Fotografía</dt>
<dd style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;"><div class="credits">
<span class="nb" style="display: inline-block;">Robert Fraisse</span></div>
</dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Reparto</dt>
<dd style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;"><span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Don%20Cheadle" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Don Cheadle</span></a>,</span> <span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Sophie%20Okonedo" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Sophie Okonedo</span></a>,</span> <span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Desmond%20Dube" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Desmond Dube</span></a>,</span> <span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Hakeem%20Kae-Kazim" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Hakeem Kae-Kazim</span></a>,</span> <span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Nick%20Nolte" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Nick Nolte</span></a>,</span><span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Joaquin%20Phoenix" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Joaquin Phoenix</span></a>,</span> <span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Cara%20Seymour" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Cara Seymour</span></a>,</span> <span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Fana%20Mokoena" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Fana Mokoena</span></a>,</span> <span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Antonio%20David%20Lyons" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Antonio David Lyons</span></a>,</span><span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=David%20O%27Hara" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">David O'Hara</span></a>,</span> <span class="cast" itemprop="actor" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Jean%20Reno" itemprop="url" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;"><span itemprop="name" style="display: inline-block;">Jean Reno</span></a></span></dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Productora</dt>
<dd style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;"><div class="credits">
<span class="nb" style="display: inline-block;">Coproducción Reino Unido-Canadá-Sudáfrica-Italia; Lions Gate Films / United Artists</span></div>
</dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: right; width: 90px;">Género</dt>
<dd style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px;"><span itemprop="genre"><a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/moviegenre.php?genre=DR&attr=rat_count&nodoc" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;">Drama</a></span> | <a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/movietopic.php?topic=644424&attr=rat_count&nodoc" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;">África</a>. <a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/movietopic.php?topic=206211&attr=rat_count&nodoc" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;">Basado en hechos reales</a>. <a href="https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/movietopic.php?topic=853858&attr=rat_count&nodoc" style="color: #326e9c; text-decoration-line: none;">Años 90</a></dd>
<dt style="background-color: white; color: #777777; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; text-align: justify; width: 90px;">Sinopsis</dt>
<dd itemprop="description" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin: 8px 5px 8px 105px; text-align: justify;">1994, guerra civil de Ruanda. Los odios ancestrales entre los hutu (la etnia dominante) y los tutsi provocan el asesinato del presidente del país, disturbios en las calles y, finalmente, una terrible matanza de los tutsi. Paul, que es hutu, trabaja como gerente de un hotel de lujo de Kigali y, cuando empiezan los disturbios, decide que el mejor refugio es precisamente el hotel. Y hacia allí organiza una huida desesperada acompañado no sólo de su familia, sino también de sus vecinos tutsi. Basada en hechos reales. (FILMAFFINITY)</dd><br />
<ul>
<li><b>ACTIVIDADES SOBRE LA PELÍCULA</b></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Según los créditos, la película está basada en hechos reales. Como estudiantes de historia vamos a realizar una tarea de investigación y documentación para conocer el genocidio ruandés, comprobar la veracidad de los sucesos narrados en la película, y opinar sobre el tratamiento que se hace de ellos en la misma.</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b>Contextualiza históricamente la película: explica las causas del conflicto de Ruanda y en que situación se encontraba el país en 1994, año en el que se desarrolla el argumento. Busca en Internet e incluye enlaces a noticias de la época sobre el conflicto.</b></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b>Resume el argumento de la película</b></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b>Investiga si son reales los siguientes personajes que aparecen en el film:</b> </li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Paul Rusesabagina (gerente del hotel)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Comandante Bizimungu (del ejército ruandés)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">George Rutagunda (vende productos a Paul)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Coronel Oliver (jefe de las tropas de la ONU)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b>Explica el papel que tienen en la película los siguientes personajes e instituciones (cómo son retratados, personalidad, rasgos que se destacan...):</b></li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">los personajes de la actividad anterior</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">la milicia interahamwe</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">el ejército ruandés</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">los dueños belgas del hotel Miles Colines</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">la señora Archer (de la Cruz Roja)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Jack (el cámara inglés de televisión)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">los turistas extranjeros</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">la radio</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b>Con todo lo que has investigado del tema en los ejercicios anteriores y con tu opinión personal, realiza una crítica razonada de la película: si es realista o no, si narra los acontecimientos tal como ocurrieron, si exagera la violencia o por el contrario no la trata de forma explícita, si pretende lanzar algún mensaje, y por último, qué te ha parecido a ti personalmente.</b></li>
</ul>
</div>
José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-366256242882998102.post-23987620689165048862019-04-30T19:12:00.004+02:002022-05-03T23:11:31.702+02:00The first civilisations: Mesopotamia and Egypt<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Agricultural and urban development</span></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The first great urban civilizations that developed their own writing system were born towards the 4th millennium BC on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Mesopotamia) and the Nile (Egypt).</li>
</ul>
<ul><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirqLFJJoDtcBcpV32AmbC9Bmeyi2KQCrW0-UCP57eTH6FQjURWf1VCOq_dWNnKxsrYua_XEJ6noCYa5R7ZUa20XF95GDYrmmFmX_svozq5qmCwjXNVn_MjzWJva1fsLPwODmhmLXLmxlU/s1600/Fertile-Crescent.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="330" data-original-width="620" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirqLFJJoDtcBcpV32AmbC9Bmeyi2KQCrW0-UCP57eTH6FQjURWf1VCOq_dWNnKxsrYua_XEJ6noCYa5R7ZUa20XF95GDYrmmFmX_svozq5qmCwjXNVn_MjzWJva1fsLPwODmhmLXLmxlU/s400/Fertile-Crescent.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(From kickassfacts.com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The control of water in the rivers allowed the growth of agricultural production, which favored commercial exchanges, the development of handicrafts and the birth of the first cities.</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large; text-align: justify;">The emergence of the first States</span><br />
<div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Independent city-states (Ur, Uruk...) emerged in Lower Mesopotamia etween 3500 an 2000 BC. They were ruled by kings</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Then, different dominant cities created empires in Mesopotamia:</li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">the Akkadian Empire</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">the Kingdom of Ur</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">the babilonian Empire</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The Assyrian Empire</li>
</ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The ziggurat was the Mesopotamian temple. It was built with bricks and used the arch and the vault.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOw7nlOwfjkr7jY2sM13n2nRixfwZpDBYXJyYFoQYxqDLCHICTKqHcYb6cgO_mhDROxEbVZt83IAsAJ_iUQKxvQ6GavdTTrdEvTwRzTLtzPUd53d2pagU5FuEiypDG1KAqKdP6AGqH6iY/s1600/245px-GD-EG-Caire-Mus%25C3%25A9e061.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="327" data-original-width="245" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOw7nlOwfjkr7jY2sM13n2nRixfwZpDBYXJyYFoQYxqDLCHICTKqHcYb6cgO_mhDROxEbVZt83IAsAJ_iUQKxvQ6GavdTTrdEvTwRzTLtzPUd53d2pagU5FuEiypDG1KAqKdP6AGqH6iY/s320/245px-GD-EG-Caire-Mus%25C3%25A9e061.JPG" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Amenophis IV. Cairo Museum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The Egypt of the pharaohs</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"> The first monarchs or pharaohs considered themselves God's representatives on Earth and enjoyed of an absolute power (religious, political and military). To govern, they had the help of priests, officials and the army.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The majority of the inhabitants of ancient Egypt were peasants and cultivated small portions of land. They gave a portion of the harvest to the officials of the king, pharaoh or temple (taxes).</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">In the cities lived artisans, who worked in workshops under the orders of an official or priest, and traders. There were many servants, and the number of slaves was very small.</li>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiTFvEifEJKoL-zJnafa0rM_gHrMbNaBe0i1jwGrJw_Ek6yNrrt56quKyCufpRvYcCRV3khuNyO8ENMQmkLhxWTCd_fAGV8bhVDoXFekGtg99raxr2G_OhwY_DHd_9Z-2LAldf-mICKL8/s1600/egypt+society1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="875" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiTFvEifEJKoL-zJnafa0rM_gHrMbNaBe0i1jwGrJw_Ek6yNrrt56quKyCufpRvYcCRV3khuNyO8ENMQmkLhxWTCd_fAGV8bhVDoXFekGtg99raxr2G_OhwY_DHd_9Z-2LAldf-mICKL8/s320/egypt+society1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vicens Vives</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large; text-align: justify;">Egyptian religion</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDyk1syVan0mgntJd0itw8ZB1JeL_h9UHZrHs9y-NtaOBOQ0xpW6OsM0A0_7iJKVWggxZr0aB-f9Hcpt3C-aTeaJ0PZBMErYpV-mhkli8WSUa9q3DtZ_R4m-QmrHuJkViUpiE7nU6qhTU/s1600/gods.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="219" data-original-width="900" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDyk1syVan0mgntJd0itw8ZB1JeL_h9UHZrHs9y-NtaOBOQ0xpW6OsM0A0_7iJKVWggxZr0aB-f9Hcpt3C-aTeaJ0PZBMErYpV-mhkli8WSUa9q3DtZ_R4m-QmrHuJkViUpiE7nU6qhTU/s640/gods.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> Vicens Vives</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The Egyptian religion was polytheistic, that is, it had numerous gods and goddesses that identified with the forces of nature.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">To worship the gods, numerous temples were erected, which were at the same time religious centers, economic and scientific. The temples represented the home of the gods and priests had to take care of them, worship them and offer them with offerings.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The Egyptians believed in the existence of a life after death. To be able to access life from the afterlife the dead had to follow ritual: the mummification of the body and the Judgment of Osiris.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">An art for eternity</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Funerary architecture had a great development in Egypt, with the mastabas, the pyramids and hypogea. The walls of these tombs are full of reliefs and paintings, which they show idealized scenes of daily life and representations of the gods.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWqI7CiIxtlrfWBF5C7dKXlJ4v7ICDKAeiOTLqRS4vXpaDmBZRFW0WZT5GhHMOONwiI-pwxontI4Q91g-4RogMrup3Pu6UE_Z3Ww_6TvfkwJgg0q38_bXHYkFfUIY7YbktilFQ6dqVaPo/s1600/pramide-egipto-1030x386.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="386" data-original-width="1030" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWqI7CiIxtlrfWBF5C7dKXlJ4v7ICDKAeiOTLqRS4vXpaDmBZRFW0WZT5GhHMOONwiI-pwxontI4Q91g-4RogMrup3Pu6UE_Z3Ww_6TvfkwJgg0q38_bXHYkFfUIY7YbktilFQ6dqVaPo/s640/pramide-egipto-1030x386.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pyramids. Taken from Ingeoexpert</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2WNoq3xzGOrRshyljDDCZJ4Sc7AE0yUa0g2ghmuPcuBvNINBAZ1VrsiDFPTL2wFaNLbfzQIl0bNDAUZq9-e8x76ghlwSJYrKfpAHFxMfIhyB8W7U6pMncBrVRlWzLfGo814Xw28geQcI/s1600/paint.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2WNoq3xzGOrRshyljDDCZJ4Sc7AE0yUa0g2ghmuPcuBvNINBAZ1VrsiDFPTL2wFaNLbfzQIl0bNDAUZq9-e8x76ghlwSJYrKfpAHFxMfIhyB8W7U6pMncBrVRlWzLfGo814Xw28geQcI/s320/paint.png" width="245" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A priest sings a hymn to Horus, II millenium BC.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;">Key words in the unit:</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><b>adobe: </b>ladrillo de barro y paja sin cocer</li>
<li><b>afterlife:</b> vida después de la muerte</li>
<li><b>artisan: </b>artesano</li>
<li><b>chamber:</b> cámara (habitación)</li>
<li><b>city-state: </b>ciudad-estado</li>
<li><b>crop:</b> cultivo</li>
<li><b>cuneiform: cuneiforme</b></li>
<li><b>dynasty:</b> dinastía</li>
<li><b>flood: </b>inundación</li>
<li><b>hieroglyphic: </b>jeroglífico</li>
<li><b>mummufication:</b> momificación</li>
<li><b>irrigation: </b>irrigación</li>
<li><b>papyrus:</b> papiro</li>
<li><b>peasant:</b> campesino, no posee sus tierras</li>
<li><b>pharaoh:</b> faraón</li>
<li><b>polytheism</b>: politeismo</li>
<li><b>pyramid:</b> pirámide</li>
<li><b>priest:</b> sacerdote</li>
<li><b>sarcophagus:</b> sarcófago</li>
<li><b>scribe:</b> escriba</li>
<li><b>slave:</b> esclavo</li>
<li><b>riverbank: </b>orilla de un río</li>
<li><b>tax: </b>impuesto</li>
<li><b>tomb:</b> tumba</li>
<li><b>vault</b>: vóbeda, cripta</li>
<li><b>ziggurat:</b> zigurat, templo escalonado</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Documentary about Tutankhamun</span></div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F8evgheb6Xc" width="560"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Documentary about the pyramids</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dWq0iC4YqbE" width="320" youtube-src-id="dWq0iC4YqbE"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Maps:</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA3HmIRMYkzgiNkxLla3_sKs8U07QqmJGpa9FWX6wKxOhqZmtL79bSRTHVQmh6GYbj_LIN7imSDxCUAuHN-aB1FHra5iFY6kVJmrqvKTqnTjksSMXx6to6IvooqjeKxhzEP5bD5ZIUsBQ/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="900" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA3HmIRMYkzgiNkxLla3_sKs8U07QqmJGpa9FWX6wKxOhqZmtL79bSRTHVQmh6GYbj_LIN7imSDxCUAuHN-aB1FHra5iFY6kVJmrqvKTqnTjksSMXx6to6IvooqjeKxhzEP5bD5ZIUsBQ/w400-h188/mesopotamiaa.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuAsijJZVU_-9Ry6MVNahTZP_lyeK4ORtBIrJwB0jSi7N57ScKOaHRvyDIdt0mi7nLG1-RiuZleHE_aTYjBEr6IkgACs9xWKmSfpdW1lkG0YQ6IX20rtbX1Vjv5Wr0OBSQnFrjoi-F4VU/s1600/ancient+egypt.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="350" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuAsijJZVU_-9Ry6MVNahTZP_lyeK4ORtBIrJwB0jSi7N57ScKOaHRvyDIdt0mi7nLG1-RiuZleHE_aTYjBEr6IkgACs9xWKmSfpdW1lkG0YQ6IX20rtbX1Vjv5Wr0OBSQnFrjoi-F4VU/s400/ancient+egypt.gif" width="253" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">More in spanish:</span> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.profesorfrancisco.es/2013/06/antiguo-egipto.html">https://www.profesorfrancisco.es/2013/06/antiguo-egipto.html</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
José Juliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05672396401132084663noreply@blogger.com0